simplified dental anomalies

Question 1

Supernumeraries

Answer 1

1.5-3/5%
Males 2:1
Maxilla
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Japan

Question 2

Microdontia

Answer 2

2.5%
F>M
Peg shaped laterals

Question 3

Macrodontia

Answer 3

<1% single
0.1% generalised

Question 4

Root anomalies

Answer 4

Short root anomaly
Dentine dysplasias
Radiotherapy
Accessory roots

Question 5

Enamel anomalies

Answer 5

Amelogenesis imperfecta
Environmental enamel hypoplasia
Local enamel hypoplasia

Question 6

AI frequency

Answer 6

1 in 14,000

Question 7

AI genetic

Answer 7

Autosomal dominant, recessive and X-linked

Question 8

AI types

Answer 8

Hypoplastic - crystals fail to grow to correct length
Hypomineralised - crystals grow to correct length but not correct width or thickness
Hypomaturational - normal length, incomplete thickness, width and mineralisation
Mixed with taurodontism

Question 9

Diagnosis of AI

Answer 9

FH
All teeth, both dentitions
No change in radiolucency between enamel and dentine
Occult abscess
Affects size structure and colour

Question 10

Biology behind AI

Answer 10

Enamel formation needs transcription of genes for crystal growth and mineralisation
Gene mutations in amelogenin, enamelin and kallikrein 4

Question 11

AI problems

Answer 11

Sensitivity
Caries and acid susceptibility
Poor aesthetics
Poor OH
Delayed eruption
AOB

Question 12

AI treatment

Answer 12

Enhanced prevention
Composite restorations
FS
Metal or ceramic onlays
SS crowns
Ortho

Question 13

Systemic disorders associated with enamel defects

Answer 13

Down’s syndrome
Porphyria
Pigmentii incontinenti
Prader-Willi

Question 14

Dentine anomalies

Answer 14

Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentine dysplasia
Odontodysplasia
Systemic disturbance

Question 15

Dentine dysplasia

Answer 15

Normal crown morphology
Amber radiolucency
Pulp obliteration
Short constricted roots

Question 16

Odontodysplasia

Answer 16

Localised arrest in tooth development
Larga pulp
Thin enamel and dentine
Ghost teeth

Question 17

DI types

Answer 17

Type I - osteogenesis imperfecta associated
Type II - autosomal dominant
Brandywine

Question 18

DI diagnosis

Answer 18

Appearance
FH
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Both dentitions all teeth
Radiographically - bulbous crowns, obliterated pulps
Enamel loss
Occlusal abscess

Question 19

DI problems

Answer 19

Aesthetics
Caries and acid susceptibility
Occult abscess
POOR PROGNOSIS

Question 20

DI treatment

Answer 20

Enhanced prevention
Composite restorations
Overdentures
SS crowns
Removable prostheses

Question 21

Hereditary dentine defects limited to dentine

Answer 21

Dentinogenesis imperfecta type II
Dentine dysplasia I and II
Fibrous dysplasia of dentine

Question 22

Hereditary dentine defects associated with general disorder

Answer 22

Ehlers Danlos
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Rickets
Hypophosphatasia

Question 23

Cementum anomalies

Answer 23

Cleidocranial dysplasia - hypoplasia of cellular component of cementum
Hypophosphatasia - hypoplasia or aplasia of cementum causing early loss of primary teeth

Question 24

Anomalies causing delayed eruption

Answer 24

Malnutrition
Low birth weight, pre term
Downs, cleidocranial dysplasia
Gingival hyperplasia - pseudo

Question 25

Anomalies causing premature exfoliation

Answer 25

Trauma
Following pulpotomy
Hypophosphatasia
Cheddar-Higashi syndrome

Question 26

Anomalies causing delayed exfoliation

Answer 26

Infra occlusion
Hypodontia
Ectopic permanent successor
Following trauma