Simple sentence Flashcards
What is the typical expression for adverbials?
AdvP, PP, clause
Examples include phrases like ‘yesterday’ or ‘in the morning’.
What are the semantic roles of adverbials?
- Time
- Place
- Manner
- Reason, purpose, result
- Condition, concession
What does the subject of a sentence typically express?
Initial position, obligatory, expressed by NP, clause, (PP, AdjP, AdvP)
Examples include ‘It is raining’ and ‘Tomorrow is fine’.
What is the role of the verb (predicate) in a sentence?
Expressed by VP and determines following clause elements (transitiveness)
In a sentence, what follows the subject and verb in an SVO structure?
Direct object (Od)
Example: ‘Paul sent Mary a letter.’
What is an indirect object (Oi)?
Expressed normally by NP, clause and proceeds Od in SVOiOd structure
Example: ‘Paul sent a letter to Mary.’
What are the classifications of sentences by form?
- Declarative
- Interrogative
- Imperative
- Exclamative
What semantic roles can a complement (C) express?
- Subject complement (Cs)
- Object complement (Co)
How are adverbials classified?
- Conjuncts
- Disjuncts
- Subjuncts
- Adjuncts
What does apposition refer to in a sentence?
The same reference as the NP it belongs to, with the same syntactic features
Example: ‘My friend, Jane Brown, lives in Paris.’
What are the two types of sentences based on clause structure?
- Simple sentence (1 clause)
- Multiple sentence (2 or more clauses)
Fill in the blank: The subject of a sentence is often expressed by _______.
[NP, clause, (PP, AdjP, AdvP)]
True or False: Adverbials are always obligatory in a sentence.
False
What are the syntactic characteristics of clause elements (CE)?
S, V, Od, Oi, Cs, Co, A, (App)
What is the function of a direct object (Od)?
Refers to the object of the verb, typically follows the verb in an SVO structure
Example: ‘I find Mary pretty.’
What is a compound sentence?
Consists of two or more independent clauses joined by coordination
Example: ‘They have many books, but nobody reads them.’
What is a complex sentence?
Consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause
Example: ‘When I came home, nobody was there.’
What are the semantic roles of an object complement (Co)?
- Identification
- Characterization
What is the role of adverbials in terms of syntactic functions?
They can act as conjuncts, disjuncts, subjuncts, or adjuncts.
What does the analysis of a sentence include?
Breaking down the sentence into its components: S, V, A, Od
Example: ‘If I study very hard, I will pass the exam.’
Fill in the blank: A direct object becomes ______ in a passive sentence.
[Subject]
What are the positions that adverbials can occupy in a sentence?
- Initial
- Final
- Medial
- Varied
What is the difference between locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts?
They refer to different functions of speech acts.
