Simple Models 1

Question 1

What are the sources and sinks in a one box model?

Answer 1

Sources: Flow in (F_in), Emissions (E), Chemical Production (P)

Sinks: Flow out (F_out), Deposition (D), Chemical Loss(L)

Question 2

Define lifetime/residence time

Answer 2

The average time that a compound remains in the atmosphere

Question 3

define lifetime in terms of mass and its sinks

Answer 3

Lifetime = m/ F_out + D + L

Question 4

What are sink specific lifetimes

Answer 4

𝜏_out= m/F_out

𝜏_c = m/L

𝜏_d= m/D

Question 5

Define Fraction of removal, literally and mathematically.

Answer 5

The fraction of the total removal of a compound specific to one sink.

f_out= F_out/ F_out + L + D = 𝜏/𝜏_out

Question 6

Lifetimes in Parallel

Answer 6

1/𝜏 = 1/𝜏_ out + 1/𝜏_c + 1/𝜏_d

Question 7

Define Reaction Rate

Answer 7

the speed at which a specific reaction/process occurs

Question 8

What is a first order reaction rate constant?

Answer 8

L= K_c M
D=K_d M
F_out=K_out M

the Ks are reaction rate constants

K is a proportionality constant that expresses the relationship between the reaction rate and the concentration of that compound

Question 9

What is the relationship between the reaction rate constant and lifetime tau.

Answer 9

k_c = 1/𝜏_c

k_d= 1/𝜏_d

k_out= 1/𝜏_out

Question 10

Define Total Loss Rate

Answer 10

F_out+L+D = (k_out+k_c+k_d)M = kM

overall loss rate: k

k= k_out + k_c + k_d = 1/𝜏

Question 11

what does dm/dt indicate.

Answer 11

Change in mass of X with respect to time

Question 12

what does dm/dt equal to.

Answer 12

dm/dt= Sources - Sinks

dm/dt= F_in + E + P - F_out - L - D

dm/dt= S-kM

Question 13

define Steady State

Answer 13

with enough time a system tends towards equillibrium.

Rate of formation = Rate of Destruction

Question 14

steady state formula

Answer 14

dm/dt = 0

S=kM

dm/dt = S-kM = 0