Simple Harmonic Motion Flashcards
What are the conditions for SHM?
Acceleration must be directly proportional to displacement, and must be acting in opposite directions.
Draw out the displacement-time graph of a simple harmonic system (starting from A=0).
Sine graph.
Draw out the velocity-time graph of a simple harmonic system (starting from A=0).
Cosine graph.
Draw out the acceleration-time graph of a simple harmonic system (starting from A=0).
-Sine graph.
With a simple pendulum, how is energy transferred during SHM?
Potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy, then back to potential energy and so on…
Why, in a simple pendulum, must the angle it is displaced by be less than 10 degrees?
Small angle approximation used in the formula, for larger values, the formula would not be valid.
What are the two types of spring-mass systems, and what energy do they transfer?
Horizontal: transfers EK to EPE
Vertical: transfers EK to EPE and PE
Draw out the energy-displacement graph of a simple harmonic system (starting from A=0).
KE: cosine graph
PE: the opposite
for values -A<x<A
Draw out the energy-time graph of a simple harmonic system (starting from A=maximum).
KE: Sine graph +1
PE: the opposite
For values t>0
What is damping?
Energy in an oscillating system is lost to the environment, leading to reduced amplitude of oscillations. Used to decrease the effects of resonance.
What are the 3 types of damping?
Light damping: amplitude decreases gradually.
Heavy damping: critical damping but slower.
Critical damping: reduces amplitude to zero in shortest possible time without oscillating.
What are forced vibrations?
When a system experiences an external driving force causing it to oscillate.
What is resonance?
When a system experiences an external driving force, where the driving frequency = natural frequency. Amplitude increases due to gaining energy from the driving force.
