Simple Definitions

Question 1

Henry’s Law

Answer 1

increasing the air pressure above a solution increases the solubility of the gas

Question 2

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 2

in a ground state, two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins

Question 3

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Answer 3

A mixture that has visually distinguishable components

Question 4

Homogeneous Mixtures

Answer 4

A mixture that remains uniform throughout

Question 5

Protons

Answer 5

Positively charged

Question 6

Electrons

Answer 6

Negatively charged

Question 7

Neutrons

Answer 7

Neutrally charged

Question 8

How do you calculate the amount of protons an atom has?

Answer 8

The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom is equal to the atomic number (Z)

Question 9

How do you calculate the amount of electrons an atom has?

Answer 9

The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number protons

Question 10

How do you calculate the amount of neutrons an atom has?

Answer 10

The number of neutrons in an atom can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number (Z) from the atomic mass (M)

Question 11

Atomic Mass

Answer 11

mass number = protons + neutrons OR is located below the element symbol

Question 12

Atomic Number

Answer 12

Is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom or the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom (located above element symbol)

Question 13

2 Electron Groups surround the center atom

Answer 13

Bond Angle of 180 Degrees

Question 14

3 Electron Groups surrounding the center atom

Answer 14

Bond Angle of 120 Degrees

Question 15

4 Electron Groups surrounding the center atom

Answer 15

Bond Angle of 109.5 Degrees

Question 16

Isotopes

Answer 16

mass number (A) = protons + neutrons

Question 17

Shorthand Notation for Isotopes

Answer 17

A/Z X
A = Mass Number (# of protons + neutrons)
Z = Atomic Number (# of protons)
X = Element Symbol

Question 18

What is mass percent composition?

Answer 18

It is the percentage of a component in a mixture

Question 19

What is percent composition?

Answer 19

It is the percentage of a particular chemical element in a mixture

Question 20

Naming Binary Compounds (Nonmetals)

Answer 20

prefix + name of first element AND prefix + base name of second element + -ide

Question 21

Naming Ionic Compounds (Metals)

Answer 21

prefixes are never used, remember to cross and also take into consideration roman numerals

Question 22

Deposition

Answer 22

gas TO solid

Question 23

Sublimation

Answer 23

solid TO gas

Question 24

Vaporization

Answer 24

liquid TO gas

Question 25

Condensation

Answer 25

gas TO liquid

Question 26

Hydrogen Bonding (strongest)

Answer 26

hydrogen atoms bonded to F, O, N atoms only

Question 27

Dipole-Dipole

Answer 27

molecules must have a dipole moment (polar/unsymmetrical)

Question 28

London Dispersion (weakest)

Answer 28

• nonpolar compound (symmetrical)
• if a compound has C and H only it’s nonpolar
• single elements are nonpolar

Question 29

Solution

Answer 29

is composed of BOTH solute and solvent

Question 30

Solute

Answer 30

the part of the solution being dissolved

Question 31

Solvent

Answer 31

the medium in which the solute is being dissolved

Question 32

identify the solute and solvent: hot chocolate mix and water

Answer 32

solute: hot chocolate mix
solvent: water

Question 33

Saturated

Answer 33

it means that there is more solute than the solution can dissolve

Question 34

Unsaturated

Answer 34

it means the solubility limit has not been reached for solution

Question 35

Supersaturated (recrystallization)

Answer 35

the possibility to dissolve more solute in a solution than it should be able to contain at a given temperature

Question 36

Concentration

Answer 36

a measurement of how much of a solute it contains