similarities and differences in health status

Question 1

health status

Answer 1

an individuals or a populations overall health taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount if disability and levels of disease risk factors
WHEN WE THINK OF HEALTH STATUS WE THINK OF LIFE EXPECTANCY, MORTALITY, MORBIDITY AND BURDEN OF DISEASE.

Question 2

burden of disease

Answer 2

a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. burden of disease is measured in DALY

Question 3

life expectancy

Answer 3

an indication of how long a person is expected to live. it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change

Question 4

morbidity

Answer 4

referes to ill health in an individual and levels of ill health in a population or group

Question 5

mortality

Answer 5

under five mortality: the number of deaths that occur in the first five years of life per thousand live births
Infant mortality: the number of deaths that occur in the first five years of a persons life per thousand live births
maternal mortality: the number of mothers who die during pregnancy or during birth per 100,000 live births

Question 6

life expectancy in high, middle, low income countries

Answer 6

Low income countries are more susceptible to fluctuations in life expectancy in a short period of time (due to war, infectious diseases such as HIV and AIDS, ebola etc)
Life expectancy decreases as a countries income status decreases.
high income: 80.6
middle income: 70.6 average
low income: 61.3 average

Question 7

U5MR and infant mortality are in high, middle and low income countries

Answer 7

U5MR- high income countries have a lower U5MR than middle and low income countries (increases as income status decreases)
Infant mortality rate- increases as income status decreases

Question 8

factors that affect U5MR

Answer 8

health status of the mother
health literacy of the mother 
level of immunisation 
income and food availability 
availability of clean water and sanitation 
safety of child's environment 
malnutrition

Question 9

malnutrition

Answer 9

an underlying factor that contributes to high rates of mortality and morbidity as undernourished children have an underdeveloped immune system and struggle to fight off disease.
Therefore they have a higher chance of communicable diseases such as
- diarrhoea
- maleria
- HIV
-AIDS

Question 10

level of immunisation

Answer 10

low levels of immunisation increases morbidity and mortality as preventable disease can cause death
- these include measles, whooping cough, tetanus, TB

Question 11

what are Australian children dying from (U5MR)

Answer 11

congenital abnormalities, accidents such as poisoning and injury and low birth weights

Question 12

Maternal mortality in high, middle and low income countries

Answer 12

high maternal mortality in low income countries compared to high income countries such as Australia

Question 13

factors that impact maternal mortality rates

Answer 13

adolescent mothers 
lack of birth attendants present 
lack of healthcare pre and post birth 
poor nutrition   
malaria and aids during pregnancy

Question 14

adult mortality

Answer 14

mainly associated with malnutrition
premature mortality among adults generally increases as average income decreases
-noncommunicable diseases such as cancer etc is a high cause in low income countries
-low income countries often have deaths from both non communicable and communicable diseases (a double burden)