Sim Lab Final Flashcards
Which component of the linear accelerator would only amplify microwaves?
klystron
What is the most common and economical material used for radiation barriers?
concrete
Which imaging technique can visualize the MLC’s and treatment field?
MV portal imaging
The wall that absorbs the useful beam is known as a:
primary barrier
Which component of the linear accelerator would generate microwaves?
magnetron
What would prevent microwaves from re-entering the klystron?
circulator
What device is used to spread the beam of electrons when utilizing electron therapy?
scattering foil
The distance from the source of radiation to the isocenter is known as:
target to axis distance
The klystron is located within the:
drive stand
The beam flattening filter is used for what type of treatments?
photon
What area of the brain would you expect to find involved if a patient had vision problems?
occipital
What is the average survival for patients with brain metastasis
3 months
Steroids are used to:
decrease inflammation
A patient with brain mets may report: (3)
-loss of memory
-change in gait
-nausea
Metastatic brain disease differs from primary brain malignancy in that:
Metastasis is usually multifocal and primaries are solitary at the time of diagnosis.
A patient with brain metastasis begins to have a seizure right before his treatment. The therapist should:
assist the patient to a safe position for the prevention of injury
Collimator rotation for the left lateral whole brain field is 30 degrees (neutral collimator angle is 0 degrees). The collimator angle for the right lateral field should be:
330 degrees
The total separation of my patient’s skull at the approximate location of isocenter is 15 cm. Opposing, midline treatment ports will require monitor unit calculations for a depth of:
7.5 cm
The _____________ lobe of the brain has a role in person’s personality.
frontal
What lobe in the cerebrum is the most posterior?
occipital
On CT scan, the texture of this structure resembles that of cauliflower, and is gray in color.
cerebellum
The most inferior portion of the brain stem is:
medulla oblongata
What structures of the brain are horn shaped?
lateral ventricles
What is covering the brain closest to the skull?
dura mater
What extension of the dura mater separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum?
tentorium cerebelli
Cerebrospinal fluid is contained within the ___________ space.
subarachnoid
This bone contains the dorsum sellae:
sphenoid
What structure within the brain is responsible for supplying arterial blood to the cerebrum?
circle of willis
The preferred imaging modality for the diagnosis of brain tumors is:
MRI
The most common malignancy of the brain is:
metastatic disease
Which of the following would be considered a palliative dose of radiation for a brain metastasis?
300cGy x 10fx = 3000cGy
Regional lymphatics are not usually included in radiation fields for palliation because:
Disease spread is assumed to have already taken place
Primary side effect from whole brain irradiation:
alopecia
Most common anatomic primary sites to metastasize to brain are: (2)
-breast
-lung
A typical field size for the treatment of T5 - T10 would be:
8x15 cm
When treating a patient who has disease in the cervical spine, the best position among the following would be:
supine with the head in a neutral position
Cervical spine would be treated using what treatment technique
opposed laterals (AP/PA)
Which of the following radionuclides may be used in treating metastatic bone disease?
Strontium-89
Daily treatment charges for a single field spine with no blocking (MLC) or beam modifiers (wedges) would be simple or complex
simple
At what vertebral level does the spinal cord end?
L2
In spinal cord compression and vena cava syndrome, high doses of radiation are given in the first few treatments. The following doses are typical (tapering does):
300 - 400 cGy per fraction
A t-shaped radiation field would likely be seen in the treatment of:
Spinal cord compression in the lower lumbar region
Single posterior fields are not usually adequate for lower lumbar or sacral bone metastasis because:
This region of the spine has lordotic curvature
Select all presenting symptoms of SVC: (2)
-cyanosis
-venous distention
A patient with SVC syndrome appears to have fainted during administration of therapy. The therapist should:
Stop the treatment, assess vital signs, and call physician or nurse
Response to SVC treatment is typically seen in:
3-4 days
Most of the SVC’s are from:
lung cancer
What are the primary causes of gynecological hemorrhage?
late stage endometrium or cervical cancer
The radiation treatment borders (AP/PA) for an emergent bleeding gynecological patient are:
-Sup: Iliac Crest
-Inf:Obturator Foramen or 2-3cm below the disease
-Lat:1.5-2cm margin on widest portion of pelvic brim
T or F: Radiation to the local site can stop the bleeding by activating anti-coagulating cells.
False (coagulating)
When treating the pelvis for gynecological cancer, what is not an organ at risk?
liver
The uterus is located posterior to the:
bladder
Initial standard radiation dose for emergent gynecological patient:
3.5 Gy x 4 fx
Gantry & Collimator rotations for whole brain
Right lateral: Gantry @ 270 & Collimator @ 30
Left lateral: Gantry @ 90 & Collimator @ 330
