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surgery fml > Signs, triads, syndromes, etc. (from Surgical Recall) > Flashcards

Signs, triads, syndromes, etc. (from Surgical Recall) Flashcards

1
Q

ABCDs of melanoma

A

asymmetric, border irregularities, color variation, diameter >0.6 cm / dark color

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2
Q

Allen’s test

A

test patency of ulnar artery prior to placing radial arterial line / ABG

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3
Q

Ballance’s sign

A

dullness to percussion on LUQ but resonance on R, due to splenic rupture / hematoma
BSpLeen

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4
Q

Barret’s esophagus

A

columnar metaplasia of the distal esophagus (GERD related)

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5
Q

Battle’s sign

A

ecchymosis over the mastoid process in patients with basilar skull fractures
BSF

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6
Q

Beck’s triad

A

seen in pts w/ cardiac tamponade: JVD, decreased / muffled heart sounds, decreased BP
BeCk’s Triad (BCT)

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7
Q

Bergman’s triad

A

seen w/ fat emboli syndrome: mental status changes, petechiae often of axilla/thorax, dyspnea
BF

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8
Q

Blumer’s shelf

A

metastatic disease to the rectouterine (pouch of Douglas) or rectovisceral pouch creating a shelf that is palpable on rectal exam
BluMeR’s (BMR)

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9
Q

Boas’ sign

A

R subscapular pain resulting from cholelithiasis

BS

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10
Q

Borchardt’s triad

A

seen w/ gastric volvulus: emesis followed by retching, epigastric distension, failure to pass an NG tube
BGV

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11
Q

Carcinoid triad

A

seen w/ carcinoid syndrome: flushing, diarrhea, right-sided heart failure
FDR

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12
Q

Charcot’s triad

A

seen w/ cholangitis: fever/chills, jaundice, RUQ pain

cha cho, not to be confused w/ charcot joint

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13
Q

Chvostek’s sign

A

twitching of facial muscles upon tapping the facial nerve in patients with hypocalcemia
ch = cheek = hypoCa

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14
Q

Courvoisier’s law

A

enlarged nontender gallbladder seen w/ obstruction of the common bile duct, most commonly w/ pancreatic cancer
(not seen w/ gallstone obstruction b/c gallbladder is scarred secondary to chronic cholelithiasis)
C for common bile duct

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15
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

bluish discoloration of the periumbilical area due to retroperitoneal hemorrhage tracking around to the anterior abdominal wall through fascial planes (e.g., acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis)
Cullen = cyanotic belly button

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16
Q

Cushing’s triad

A

signs of increased intracranial pressure: hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respirations
C for cranial

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17
Q

Dance’s sign

A

empty RLQ in children with ileocecal intussusception

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18
Q

Fothergill’s sign

A

used to differentiate an intra-abdominal mass from one in the abdominal wall; if mass felt when tension on the musculature, then it is in the wall (i.e. sitting halfway upright)

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19
Q

Fox’s sign

A

ecchymosis of inguinal ligament seen w/ retroperitoneal bleeding

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20
Q

Goodsall’s rule

A

anal fistulae course in a straight path anteriorly and a curved path posteriorly from midline (think of a dog w/ a straight anterior nose and a curved posterior tail)

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21
Q

Grey Turner’s sign

A

ecchymosis or discoloration of the flank in patients with retroperitoneal (think: turner’s = turn side-to-side = flank)

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22
Q

Hamman’s sign / crunch

A

crunching sound on auscultation of hte heart resulting from emphysematous mediastinum; seen w/ boerhaave’s syndrome, pneumomediastinum, etc.

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23
Q

Homans’ sign

A

calf pain on forced dorsiflexion of the foot in patients w/ DVT

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24
Q

Howship-Romberg sign

A

pain along inner aspect of thigh; seen w/ obturator hernia as the result of nerve compression

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25
Kehr's sign
severe L shoulder pain in pts w/ splenic rupture (as a result of referred pain from diaphragmatic irritation)
26
Kelly's sign
visible peristalsis of the ureter in response to the squeezing or retraction; used to identify the ureter during surgery
27
Krukenberg tumor
metastatic tumor to the ovary (classically from gastric cancer)
28
Laplace's law
wall tension = pressure * radius (thus, the colon perforates preferentially at the cecum b/c of the increased radius and resultant increased wall tension)
29
McBurney's point
1/3 the distance from the anterior iliac spine to the umbilicus on a line connecting the two
30
McBurney's sign
tenderness at mcburney's point in patients w/ appendicitis
31
Meckel's diverticulum rule of 2's
2% of the population have a Meckel's diverticulum, 2% of those are symptomatic, and they occur within ~2 ft of ileocecal valve
32
Mittelschmerz
lower quadrant pain due to ovulation
33
Murphy's sign
cessation of inspiration while palpating under the right costal margin; the pt cannot continue to inspire deeply b/c it brings an inflamed gallbladder under pressure (seen in acute cholecystitis)
34
Obturator sign
pain upon internal rotation of the leg w/ the hip and knee flexed, seen in pts w/ appendicitis or pelvic abscess
35
Pheochromocytoma sxs triad / rule of 10
tiad = palpitations, headache, episodic diaphoresis PHEo... rule of 10 = 10% bilateral, 10% malignant, 10% in children, 10% extra-adrenal, 10% have multiple tumors
36
Psoas sign
pain elicited by extending the hip w/ knee in full extension, seen w/ appendicitis and psoas inflammation
37
Raccoon eyes
bilateral black eyes as a result of basilar skull fracture
38
Reynold's pentad
fever, jaundice, RUQ pain, mental status changes, shock/sepsis; THUS Charcot's triad + AMS and shock/sepsis; seen in pts w/ suppurative cholangitis
39
Rovsing's sign
palpation of the LLQ resulting in pain in the RLQ, seen in appendicitis
40
Saint's triad
cholelithiasis (gallstones), hiatal hernia, diverticular disease
41
Silk glove sign
indirect hernia sac in the pediatric pt, the sac feels like a finger of a silk glove when rolled under the examining finger
42
Sister Mary Joseph's sign
metastatic tumor to umbilical lymph node(s)
43
Virchow's node
metastatic tumor to L supraclavicular node (classically due to gastric cancer)
44
Virchow's triad
risk factors for thrombosis: stasis, abnormal endothelium, hypercoagulability
45
Trousseau's sign
carpal spasm after occlusion of blood to the forearm w/ a BP cuff in pts w/ hypoCalcemia
46
Valentino's sign
RLQ pain from a perforated peptic ulcer due to succes / pus draining into the RLQ
47
Westermark's sign
decreased pulmonary vascular markings on CXR in a pt w/ pulmonary embolus
48
Whipple's triad
evidence for insulinoma: hypoglycemia (<50), CNS and vasomotor sxs (e.g., syncope, diaphoresis), relief of sxs w/ administration of glucose
49
Afferent loop syndrome
obstruction of the afferent loop of a Billroth II gastrojejunostomy
50
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome, poor oxygenation due to leaky capillaries
51
Blind loop syndrome
bacterial overgrowth of intestine caused by stasis
52
Boerhaave's syndrome
esophageal perforation
53
Budd-Chiari syndrome
thrombosis of hepatic veins
54
Carcinoid syndrome
bronchospasm, flushing, diarrhea, right-sided heart failure (caused by factors released by carcinoid tumor). so it's carcinoid triad + B for bronchospasm
55
Compartment syndrome
compartmental HTN caused by edema, resulting in muscle necrosis of the lower extremity, often seen in the calf; pt may have a distal pulse
56
Cushing's syndrome
excessive cortisol production
57
Dumping syndrome
delivery of large amount of hyperosmolar chyme into small bowel, usually after vagotomy and a gastric drainage procedure (pyloroplasty / gastrojejunostomy); results in autonomic instability, abdominal pain, and diarrhea
58
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
perihepatic gonorrhea infection
59
Gardner's syndrome
GI polyps and associated findings of Sebaceous cysts, Osteomas, and Desmoid tumors (SOD); polyps have high malignancy potential (think: a gardner plans sod)
60
HITT syndrome
heparin-induced thrombocytopenic thrombosis syndrome: heparin-induced platelet antibodies cause platelets to thrombose vessels, often resulting in loss of limb or life
61
Leriche's syndrome
Claudication of buttocks and thighs, Impotence, Atrophy of the legs (seen w/ occlusive iliac disease - think CIA)
62
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
post-emesis / retching tears in the gastric mucosa (near GE junction)
63
Mendelson's syndrome
chemical pneumonitis after aspiration of gastric contents
64
Mirizzi's syndrome
extrinsic obstruction of the common hepatic bile duct from a gallstone in the gallbladder or cystic duct
65
Munchausen syndrome
self-induced illness
66
Ogilvie's syndrome
massive nonobstructive colonic dilitation
67
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
benign GI Polyps and buccal Pigmentation
68
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
syndrome of 1) esophageal web, 2) iron-deficiency anemia, 3) dysphagia, 4) spoon-shaped nails, 5) atrophic oral and tongue mucosa; typically occurs in elderly women, 10% develop squamous cell carcinoma
69
RED reaction syndrome
syndrome of rapid vancomycin infusion resulting in skin erythema
70
Refeeding syndrome
hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypophosphatemia after refeeding a starved patient
71
Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome
syndrome of GI tract telangiectasia / AV malformations
72
Short-gut syndrome
malnutrition resulting from <200 cm of viable small bowel
73
SIADH
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH
74
Sipple's syndrome
same as MEN II
75
Superior vena cava syndrome
obstruction of the SVC (by tumor, thrombosis, etc)
76
Thoracic outlet syndrome
compression of the structures exiting from the thoracic outlet
77
Tietze's syndrome
costochondritis of rib cartilage; aseptic (treat w/ NSAIDs)
78
Toxic shock syndrome
Staph a. toxin-induced syndrome marked by fever, hypotension, organ failure, and rash (desquamation - esp palms and soles)
79
Trousseau's syndrome
syndrome of DVT associated w/ carcinoma
80
Wermer syndrome
same as MEN I
81
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
gastrinoma and PUD

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