Signs, Symptoms, and Presentations

Question 1

mild hypothemia signs

Answer 1

increased HR
increased BP
increased CO

Question 2

severe hypothermia signs

Answer 2

decreased HR 
decreased BP 
decreased CO 
osborn waves --> Ventricular irritability 
shivering stops

Question 3

what considerations for hypothermia should you consider

Answer 3

myxedema
etoh abuse
sepsis

Question 4

narrow regular tachycardias

Answer 4

sinus tachy 
atrial tachy
junctional tachy 
atrial flutter
SVT - AVNRT, WPW

Question 5

narrow irregular tachy

Answer 5

afib

MAT - >2 types of p waves

Question 6

wide regular

Answer 6

v tach

AVRT

Question 7

wide irregular

Answer 7

polymorphic v tach (complexes dont look uniform)

torsades

Question 8

central apnea

Answer 8

metabolic (hypoglycemia, overdoses…)
tbi
cva

Question 9

obstructive apnea

Answer 9

occlusive airway 
foreign body 
infections 
GERD
asthma
copd

Question 10

causes of hypovolemic shock

Answer 10

hemorrhage
capillary leak (3rd spacing)
GI losses
thermal burns

Question 11

causes of cardiogenic shock

Answer 11

severe CHF
post MI
valvular abnormalities

Question 12

causes of obstructive shock

Answer 12

cardiac tamponade
PE
tension Pneuom

Question 13

distributive shock

Answer 13

sepsis
neurogenic
anaphylaxis

Question 14

HTN definition

Answer 14

stage 1
sys 140-159
diast 90-99

Question 15

hypertensive urgency

Answer 15

> 180/120 without end organ damage

use oral agents

Question 16

HTN emrgency

Answer 16

> 180/120 with end organ damage - AMS, decrease urine output, etc, vision chances

Question 17

drug choice for pediatric HTN

Answer 17

labetol and nicardipine

and ICU admission

Question 18

biliary colic timeline

Answer 18

> 3wks to 3 months of age

Question 19

hiv exposures

Answer 19

risk 0.03%
basic: regiment AZT + 3TC
or
expanded: basic + rotanivir/lopenavir

Question 20

hypovolemic shock classification

Answer 20

decreased preload
increased SVR
decreased CO

Question 21

cardiogenic shock classifications

Answer 21

increased preload
increased SVR
decreased CO

Question 22

obstructive shock classifications

Answer 22

decreased preload
increased SVR
decreased CO

Question 23

distributive shock classifications

Answer 23

decreased preload
decreased SVR
neutral CO

Question 24

sids risk factors

Answer 24

prone/side sleeping 
bed sharing
soft surface
male 
race
prematurity 
family hx 
poverty 
smoke exposure 
light ambient temp 
prenatal exposure

Question 25

tx for stable vtach

Answer 25

amiodarone is 1st line then procainamide

Question 26

risk for drug induced torsades

Answer 26

``` >65 female renal insufficicency electrolyte abnormalities arrhythmia with long pause genetic predisposition drugs that prolong the QT ```

Question 27

hallmark of a right to left shunt

Answer 27

failure of arterial oxygen levels to increases with supplemental O2

Question 28

neonatal presentation of HTN

Answer 28

apnea cyanosis irritability poor feeding

Question 29

lab findings of DIC

Answer 29

prolonged PT and PTT low fibrinogen level elevated fibrins split products elevated d-dimers

Question 30

tx for pertussis

Answer 30

macrolide or TMP SMX

Question 31

what can be used for coughing paroxysms in the ED

Answer 31

nebulized lidocaine

Question 32

mechanical causes of esophageal dysphagia

Answer 32

strictures, webs, rings, tumors, esophagitis FBs

Question 33

motility disorders causing esophageal dysphagia

Answer 33

achalasia esophageal spasm scleroderma, CREST chagas dz

Question 34

mcc of hemoptysis

Answer 34

bronchitis

Question 35

6 elements of AMS eval

Answer 35

appearance, behavior attitude disorders of though disorder of perception mood and affect insight and judgement sensorium and intelligence