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MI Clinical Manifestations > Signs & Symptoms > Flashcards

Signs & Symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

cyanosis:

bluish color of skin seen in earlobes, under eyelids, and in nail beds

A
  • hypoxemia
  • decreased oxygen transfr in the lungs
  • decreased cardiac output
  • Non-specific, unreliable indicator
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2
Q

ashen, pallor or dusky

A

anemia, shock (vasodilation)

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3
Q

jaundice

A

excessive bilirubin

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4
Q

erythema

A

infection, inflammation

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5
Q

Increased A-P diameter (barrel chest)

A

COPD, CF (or other chronic air-trapping)

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6
Q

Lateral curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis. Pulmonary function test will show a restrictive component.

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7
Q

hunch of the back; excessive outward curvature of the spine

A

kyphosis

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8
Q

Eupnea

A

normal breathing

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9
Q
  • hyperpnea (increased rate and depth of breathing)
  • regular rhythm
A
  • associated with metabolic disorders
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10
Q
  • Type of breathing pattern: Kussmaul
    • regular, rapid, and deep resprations
A

diabetic ketoacidosis

metabolic acidosis

allows body to increase CO2 excretion

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11
Q
  • Biots breathing
    • ​increased rate and depth of breathing
    • unpredicatable periods of apnea that vary in length and frequency
    • apnea, rapid breathing, apnea
A
  • neurological disorders of the CNS
    • strokes
    • brain infection
    • encephalitis
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12
Q
  • Breathing pattern: Cheyne-Stokes
    • increasing and decreasing cycle of rate and rhythm of breathing
    • each cycle takes 30 seconds to 3 minutes
      • apnea lasts up to 60 seconds
A
  • Drug overdose
  • intracranial pressure problems (from head injury)
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13
Q

tachypnea

  • rapid, regular breathing
  • rate > 20 breaths/min; >25 in elderly
A
  • panic
  • fever
  • hypoxemia
  • pulmonary embolisms
  • myocardial infarctions
  • anything that increases WOB
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14
Q
  • bradynpea
A
  • alcholism, obesity
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15
Q
A
  • Drug overdose
  • Intracranial pressure problems (head trauma)
  • heart failure
  • myocardial infarction
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16
Q
  • hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
A
  • Tuberculosis
  • Differntial:
    • lung cancer (will appear with dry, non-productive cough)
    • Bronchitis
    • Pneumonia
17
Q

Asymmetrical chest movement upon exam

A
  • COPD
  • Flail chest (broken ribs)
  • Pneumothorax
  • ET tub advanced too far into one lung
  • Atelectasis
18
Q

A patient with no previous pulmonary disease history is reporting a dry cough over the last month. The patient denies expectoration of sputum. Which of the following could represent the patient’s condition?

a. vocal cord paralysis
b. cancerous mass in mainstream bronchus
c. tuberculosis
d. myasthenia gravis

A

b. cancerous mass in mainstream bronchus

lung cancer can present with a dry, non-productive cough, and sometimes hemoptysis.

19
Q

Digital Clubbing

  • increased depth, bulk, and spongines of distal digits
A
  • associated chronic hypoxemia like that of COPD
  • cystic fibrosis
  • lung cancer
  • bronchiectasis
20
Q

Venous distension.

  • veins of the neck protrude during breathing (JVD)
A
  • CHF
  • COPD
21
Q

Symptoms:

  • Tiredness and fatigue
    • due to the body not receiving enough oxygen
  • Palpitations
    • heart beats harder and faster to compensate for lack of blood flow
  • Edema in the lower extremities (swelling in ankles)
  • JVD (jugular vein distention): venous pressure is increased due to backup of blood, causing pressure and swelling in the jugular vein.
  • Weight gain: from extra fluid build-up
  • Frequent urination at night or when lying down: fluid from lower extremities is able to go through the renal system.

Objective Clinical Data:

  • Increased BNP
A

Right-sided Heart Failure

22
Q
  • Diaphoresis (heavy sweating)
    • pay attention if the skin is cool to the touch and the patient hasn’t been exercising.
  • Cold and clammy skin
  • febrile (fever)
A
  • CHF
  • Myocardial infarction
    • If this is suspected, patient should be immediately placed on a 12-lead ECG.
23
Q

Patient is in the emergency room complaining of chest pain. Upon arrival, you notice that the patient is cold to the touch and diaphorectic. What should the therapist recommend?

a. administer Digitalis (Crystodigin)
b. administer fluid
c. administer dopamine
d. 12-lead ECG

A

d. 12-lead ECG

Patient is showing signs of CHF or myocardial infarction.

24
Q

pursed-lip breathing

  • exhalation through mouth with lips pursed together to slow exhalation.
A
  • COPD
  • asthma

Strategy taught to slow expiration, which will helps lessen dyspnea.

25
Q

Tri-pod position

Indcates moderate to severe respiratory dstress

A
  • COPD
  • Asthma in exacerbation
  • pulmonary edema
26
Q

Accessory muscle use; intercostal retractions

Neck and shoulder muscles used to assist in breathing. Muscles b/t ribs pull in during inspiration.

Indicates severe respiratory distress.

A

COPD

Asthma in exacerbation

secretion retention

Hypoxemia

27
Q

Splinting

(Voluntary decrease in tidal volume to lessen pain on chest expansion)

A

Thoracic or abdominal incision pain

Chest trauma

Pleurisy: (a condition in which the pleura — two large, thin layers of tissue that separate your lungs from your chest wall — becomes inflamed. Also called pleuritis, pleurisy causes sharp chest pain (pleuritic pain) that worsens during breathing.)

28
Q

Increase in AP diameter

A

COPD

Asthma

Cystic Fibrosis

Lung hyperinflation

Advanced age

29
Q

Peripheral Edema

Pitting Edema

A

CHF

Cor pulmonale

30
Q

JVD

(Jugular venous distension)

A

cor pumonale

flail chest

pneumothorax

31
Q

Tactile Fremitus

(Increase and decrase in vibrations)

increased over areas of consolidation and decreased or absent over areas of pleural effusion or pneumothorax (when there is air outside the lung in the chest cavity, preventing lung expansion).

A

Increased tactile fremitus:

  • Over areas of consolidation:
    • pneumonia
    • atelectasis
    • pulmonary edema

Decreased tactile fremitus:

  • pleural effusion
  • lung hyperinflation

Absent tactile fremitus:

  • pneumothorax (air is outsie of the lung and in the chest cavity, preventing lung expansion)

MI Clinical Manifestations (2 decks)

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