Signs And Triads Flashcards
Columnar metaplasia of the distal esophagus (hint: GERD related)
Barrett’s esophagus
Constant dullness to percussion in the left flank/LUQ and resonance to percussion in the right flank seen with splenic rupture/hematoma.
Ballance’s sign
Ecchymosis over the mastoid process in patients with basilar skull fractures
Battle’s sign
Seen in pts with cardiac tamponade; jvd, decreased rl muffled heart sounds, decreased blood pressure
Beck’s triad
Seen with fat emboli syndrome: mental status changes, petechia (often in axilla/thorax) and dyspnea
Bergman’s triad
Metastatic dz to the pouch of Douglas creating a shelf that is palpable on rectal exam
Blumer’s shelf
Right subscapular pain resulting from cholelothiasis
Boas’ sign
Emesis followed by retching. Epigastric distention, and failure to pass NG tube
Gastric volvulus. Borchardt’a triad
What is carcinoid triad?
FDR - flushing, diarrhea, right sided heart failure
Fever (chills), jaundice, RUQ pain. See with cholangitis.
Charcot’s triad
Enlarged non tender gallbladder seen with obstruction of the common bile duct. Most commonly seen with pancreatic CA
Courvoisier’s law. NOT SEEN with gallstone obstruction.
Signs of increased intra cranial pressure
Cushing’s triad. HTN. Bradycardia. Irregular respirations.
Empty RLQ in children with ileoceccal intusssception.
Dance’s sign
Used to differentiate an intra abdominal mass from one in the abdominal wall; if the mass is felt while there is tension on the musculature, then it is in the wall
Fothergill’s sign
Ecchymosis of inguinal ligament seen with retroperitoneal bleeding
Fox’s sign
Anal fistulae course in a straight path anteriorly and a curved path posteriorly from the midline.
Goodsall’s rule
Crunching sound on auscultation of the heart resulting from emphysematous mediastinum
Hamman’s sign/crunch; seen in Boerhaave’s syndrome, pneumomediastinum
Calf pain on forced dorsiflexion of the foot in patients with DVT
Homan’s sign
Pain along the inner aspect of the thigh; seen with obturator hernia as the result of nerve compression
Howship-Romberg sign
Visible peristalsis of the ureter in response to squeezing or retraction; used to identify the ureter during surgery
Kelly’s sign
Mets tumor to the ovary
Krukenberg tumor (typically from gastric CA)
Wall tension = pressure X radius
Laplace’s law
What is Meckel’s diverticulum rule of 2s?
2% of the population has it, 2% of them are symptomatic, and they occur with approx 2 feet of the ileocecal valve
What is the triad for pheochromocytoma?
PHE - palpitations, HA, episodic diaphoresis
What percent is associated with the rule of pheochromocytoma?
10% bilateral, 10% malignant, 10% in children, 10% extra adrenal, 10% have multiple tumors
What is Reynold’s pentad?
fever, jaundice, RUQ pain, mental status changes, shock/sepsis. (seen in pts with suppurative cholangitis)
Paplation of the LLQ resulting in pain of the right lower quadrant. Seen in appendicitis
Rovsing’s sign
Amedical condition of concurrence of the following:
- Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
- Hiatal Hernia
- Diverticular Disease
Saint’s triad
Indirect hernia sac in the pediatric patient; the sac feels like a finger of a silk glove when rolled under the examining finger
silk glove sign
Mets to the umbilical lymph nodes
Sister Mary Joseph’s sign
Mets to the supraclavicular node
Virchow’s node (classically due to gastric CA)
RLQ pain from a perforated peptic ulcer due to succus/pus draining into the RLQ
Valentino’s sign
Evidence for insulinoma: Hypoglycemia, CNS and vasmotor sx (syncope and diaphoresis), and relief of sx with administration of glucose.
Whipple’s triad
What 4 things comprise carcinoid syndrome?
bronchospasm, flushing, diarrhea, and right sided HF (causd by factors released by carcinoid tumor)
What is Gardner’s syndrome?
GI polyps with associated findings of Sebaceous cysts, Osteomas, and Desmoids tumors (SOD)
What is Leriche’s syndrome?
CIA - claudication of the buttocks and thigh; Impotencene; Atrophy of the legs (see in iliac occlusive disease)
What is Mendelson’s syndrome?
chemical pneumonitis after aspiration of gastric contents
What is is Mirizzi’s syndrome?
extrinsic obstruction of the common hepatic bile duct from a gallstone in the gallbladder or cystic duct.
Massive nonobstructive colonic dilatation
Ogilvie’s syndrome
What is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?
Puetz=Pigmentation; Benign GI polyps and buccal pigmentation.
What is plummer vinson syndrome?
esophageal webs, iron deficiency anemia, dysphagia, spoon shaped nails, and atrophic oral and tongue mucosa (common in elderly/post menopausal women) - knowing the first three are most important
What is refeeding syndrome?
hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypophosphatemia.
What is another name for Sipple’s syndrome?
MEN II
This is the syndrome of DVT associated with carcinoma
Trousseau’s syndrome
What is another name for Wermer’s syndrome?
MEN I
What is ZES? (2)
Zollinger Ellison; gastrinoma and PUD
