Signs and Syndromes

Question 1

Raynaud’s Phenomenon/ Syndrome

Answer 1

Paroxysmal occlusion of distal arteries precipitated by cold or emotional stress and relieved by heat -> episodic digital ischemia in response to cold/emotional stimuli

Question 2

Lutembacher Syndrome

Answer 2

Combination of mitral stenosis and a left-to-right shunt (usually ASD)

Question 3

Beck’s Triad

Answer 3

In pericarditis: quiet heart, increased venous pressure and ascites out of proportion to dependent edema

Question 4

Dressler’s Syndrome

Answer 4

Secondary pericarditis; postmyocardial infarction syndrome, postcardiotomy pericarditis

Question 5

William’s Syndrome

Answer 5

Supravalvular AS + mental/physical retardation, elfin facies, increased calcium and PA stenosis

Question 6

Coarctation syndrome

Answer 6

Preductyle coarctation + other defects

Question 7

Cor bovinum

Answer 7

AR/AI

Question 8

Loeffler’s Endocarditis

Answer 8

Eosinophilic endomyocardial disease and fibroplastic endocarditis;
Subcategory of hypereosinophilic syndrome where heart is predominantly involved, with resulting cardiac damage from toxic eosinophilic proteins;
Endocardium of either or both ventricles thickened markedly;
* see Loeffler’s Syndrome: pulmonary eosinophilia (Fraser and Paré)

Question 9

Myxoma

Answer 9

LA (75%) > RA (25%)

Question 10

Sarcoma

Answer 10

RA > LA > RV > LV

Question 11

Rupture

Answer 11

RV > LV > RA > LA