Signs and symptoms/treatment for mastitis Flashcards
What is mastitis?
Inflammation of the breast tissue, most commonly affecting lactating individuals.
What are the typical clinical features of mastitis?
Localized breast pain, swelling, erythema, induration, and tenderness (usually unilateral).
What systemic symptoms can occur with mastitis?
Fever, chills, malaise, and flu-like symptoms.
What symptom is often present during breastfeeding with mastitis?
Pain and reduced milk secretion.
What uncommon feature may be seen in mastitis?
Reactive axillary lymphadenopathy.
What condition should be considered if mastitis does not improve with antibiotics?
Inflammatory breast cancer.
What is the first step in managing mild mastitis?
Supportive therapy: rest, hydration, warm and cold compresses, NSAIDs or acetaminophen for pain.
Should breastfeeding continue with mastitis?
Yes, to prevent milk stasis and abscess formation.
What antibiotic options are first-line for mastitis?
Dicloxacillin or cephalexin (for MSSA coverage).
What antibiotic options are used for MRSA risk in mastitis?
Clindamycin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX).
What is the treatment for severe mastitis or sepsis?
Hospitalization and IV antibiotics (e.g., vancomycin).
When should breast milk cultures be obtained in mastitis?
If symptoms do not improve within 12–24 hours of treatment or in recurrent cases.
What complication can arise from untreated mastitis?
Breast abscess, requiring drainage.
What imaging is used if a breast abscess is suspected?
Breast ultrasound.
What is the treatment for a breast abscess?
Needle aspiration or surgical drainage, plus antibiotics.
What is the main cause of mastitis?
Bacterial infection (most commonly Staphylococcus aureus).
Can mastitis occur in non-lactating individuals?
Yes, but it is rare and may require further evaluation (e.g., smoking-related periductal mastitis).
What additional treatment is recommended for periductal mastitis?
Smoking cessation and possible surgical intervention for recurrence.
