Signs and Symptoms

Question 1

What are the symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 1

• Weight gain
• Mood change (depression, lethargy, irritability, psychosis)
• Proximal weakness
• Gonadal dysfunction (irregular menses, hirsutism, ED)
• Acne
• Recurrent Achilles tendon rupture

Question 2

What are the signs of Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 2

• Central obesity
• Plethoric, moon face
• Buffalo hump
• Skin and muscle atrophy
• Bruises
• Purple abdominal striae
• Osteoporosis
• Increased BP
• Increased glucose
• Infection prone/poor healing

Question 3

What are the symptoms of hyponatraemia?

Answer 3

• Headache
• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Coma

Question 4

What are the signs of hyponatraemia?

Answer 4

Check hydration status of the patient

Question 5

What are the signs of dehydrated hypovolaemia?

Answer 5

• Cool peripheries/prolonged CR
• Tachycardia/can be weak, thready pulse
• Postural hypotension
• Confusion
• Dry mucous membranes
• Reduced skin turgor

Question 6

What are the signs of fluid overload hypovolaemia?

Answer 6

• Tachycardia/bounding pulse
• Raised JVP
• Pulmonary oedema or pleural effusions
• Ascites
• Peripheral oedema

Question 7

What are the red flags for adrenal crisis?

Answer 7

• Extreme weakness, feeling terrible, vomiting, headache
• Light headedness or dizziness on sitting or standing up
• Feeling very cold, uncontrollable shaking, back, limb or abdominal pain
• Confusion, drowsiness, loss of consciousness

Question 8

What are the most commonest causes of Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 8

• Iatrogenic

- Cushing’s disease - pituitary adenoma producing excess ACTH

Question 9

What are the symptoms of Addison’s disease?

Answer 9

• Hyperpigmentation
• Tired
• Tearful and weakness
• Anorexia/weight loss
• Dizzy/faints
• Myalgias/arthralgias
• Depression/decreased libido
• Nausea/vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Abdo pain

Question 10

What are the signs and symptoms of Addisonian crisis?

Answer 10

Usually present in shock:

• increased HR
• vasoconstriction
• postural hypotension
• oliguria
• weak
• confused
• comatose

Question 11

What are the signs for Addison’s disease?

Answer 11

• Postural hypotension
• Low grade fever
• Signs of dehydration
• Loss of hair
• Cachexia
• Tachycardia