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Family Med > Signs and Symptoms > Flashcards

Signs and Symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

What can fatigue + darkening of the skin indicate?

A

Addisons disease

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2
Q

Fever + Jaw claudication can indicate what?

A

Giant cell arteritits

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3
Q

Fever + nocturia in a male could indicate what?

A

prostatitis

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4
Q

what other signs are present w/ a vasovagal syncopal event?

A

nausea, warmth, pallor, lightheadedness, idahpresis

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5
Q

What would an increase in an outflow murmur w/ valsalva manuevers?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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6
Q

What can syncope and a postive stool guiac indicate?

A

Anemia, hypovomelia

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7
Q

All patients w/ syncope shoudl ge twhat?

A

an EKG

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8
Q

how long do migraines typically last?

A

4-27 hours

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9
Q

Tx for nausea w/ migraine

A

compazine

metoclopramide

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10
Q

ADRs w/ tripatans

A

paresthesias, tightness in throat or chest

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11
Q

Drug used for prevention of migraines?

A

Propranolol or amitriptyline, topirimate

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12
Q

Drug used for prevention of cluster HA

A

verapmail

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13
Q

Tx for cluster HA

A

oxygen, (7-10 L/ min), triptans

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14
Q

Drug used for prophylaxis of tension HAs

A

amitriptyline

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15
Q

Idiopathic intracrnail HTN seen in young, obese women. Will hve papilledema and elevated CSF. Can have abducens nerve palsy

A

Pseudotumor cereberi

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16
Q

Tx for pseudotumor cerebri

A

Acetazolamide (can add diuretic for additional benefit)

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17
Q

With a SAH what will a lumbar puncture show?

A

Xanthochromia- yellow disolocratoin indicating a hemorrhage

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18
Q

What manuever is treatment for BPPV?

A

Epley maneuver

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19
Q

Presents with tinnitus, hearing loss and vertigo.

A

Meniere disease

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20
Q

Tx for Meniere’s disease

A

Diuretics (acetazolamide of HCTZ), sal restriction

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21
Q

Present with vertigo, is a tumor (schwannoma) that can compress the brainstem

A

Acoustic neuroma

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22
Q

vertigo associated w/ a viral illness, if accompanied by hearing loss is called labrinthitis, typically goes away in 2-10 days

A

Vestibular neuritits

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23
Q

Tx for vestibular neuritits

A

Meclizine, benadryl, antiemetis, benzos

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24
Q

What meds can damage the 8th cranial nerve and cause vertigo?

A

Amingoglycosides, loop diuretics

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25
Q

what does vertical nystagmus plus vertigo suggest?

A

Brainstem origin of vertigo

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26
Q

If an MRI shows scattered demyelination and a patient has central vertigo what is suggested?

A

Multiple sclerosis

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27
Q

what med can cause a chronic, non productive cough

A

ACEI

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28
Q

what medication can exacerbate asthma

A

beta blockers

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29
Q

Chronic use or nitrofurantoin can lead to a cough due to…

A

interstital fibrosis

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30
Q

what 2 things present with chronic cough, weight loss, night sweats, hemoptysis

A

lung cancer, TB

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31
Q

after D/Cing ACEI when should the cough go away

A

within 4 weeks

32
Q

What heart sound and lung finding indicates CHF?

A

S3 and pulmonary rales

33
Q

What is Beck’s triad w/ cardiac tamponade?

A

JVD
Muffled heart sounds
decreased BP

34
Q

Signs of aortic dissection

A

HPOTN
absence of peripheral pulses
murmur of aortic insufficiency

35
Q

3 labs used for MI

A

CPK, troponin, myoglobin

36
Q

First enzyme to rise w/ MI and remains elevated for 5-14 days (most sensitive)

A

troponin

37
Q

What cardiac enzyme rises w/i 4 hours of MI and peaks at 24 hours after

A

CPK-MB

38
Q

what two drugs can be used to do a chemical stress test?

A

adenosine, dobutamine

39
Q

Immediated tx for MI

A

Morphine
O2
Nitroglycericn
ASA (or clopidrogel if allergic)

40
Q

bulky, greasy stools that are often caused by some sort of malabsoprtion. Improves w/ fasting

A

Osmotic diarrhea

41
Q

Tx for osmotic diarrhea

A

D?C consumption of food. MIld, low residue diet, maintain electrolytes

42
Q

What type diarrhea has blood or w/ leukocytes

A

INflammatory

43
Q

What type of drug can’t you use with inflammatory diarrhea

A

antimotiligy agents

44
Q

as osmolality >50 mOsm/kg indictes what?

A

osmotic diarrhea

45
Q

what type antibody titers r/o celiac disease

A

ntiendomysial antibody titers

46
Q

Antimotiligy agent used to treat acute diarrhea

A

loperamide (Imodium)

47
Q

C/I w/ lopermaide

A

Temp >1010, UC, C. Diff, age <2

48
Q

2 absobents that are used to treat acute diarrhea

A

CHolestyrmaine

bismuth subsalicylte

49
Q

C/I and ADRs w/ bismuth subsalicylate

A

Kid <12

blackened stools, ryres syndrome, gout

50
Q

What criteria is used to evaluate IBS?

A

Rome III

51
Q

What type ulcers are more common in dyspepsia

A

duodenal ulcers

52
Q

what is long term metaplastic transformation in the esopagus due to GERD?

A

Barett esophagus

53
Q

what foods decrease the pressure of LES

A 
coffee
chocolate
mints
fatty foods
alcohol
54
Q

Tx for H PYlori

A

2 abx + PPI or H2 blocker for 7-14 days (Abx- clairthyromyxin, amoxicillin, metronidazole)

55
Q

Most common herniation in LBP

A

L5-S1

56
Q

Red flags w/ LBP

A

Fever
night pain
weight loss
bone pain

57
Q

LBP with difficulty urniating, fecal incontinence, progressive weakness, saddle anesthesia

A

cauda equina (surgical emergency!)

58
Q

what are concerning signs for neoplasm causing LBP

A

insidious
night pain
not relieved w/ supine position

59
Q

Mornign spinal stiffness
hx of IBD
sacroilitits
bamboo spin on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitits

60
Q

young age, trigger – fatigue, sx – round back, vertebral wedging, end plate irregularity per x-ray

A

Scheuermann disease

61
Q

straight leg raise produces pain at <__ degrees with sciatica

A

<60 degreees

62
Q

When should x-rays be done w/ LBP

A 
persists for >6 weeks
Age >50
hx of trauma, systemic symptoms
neuro deficiet
chronic steroid use
63
Q

Tx for mechanical back pain

A

APAP
COX-2 inhibitors
narcotics- shrot term
muscle relaxants

64
Q

muscles in the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

65
Q

muscles that stabilize the scaupla

A

trapezius
serratus anterior
rhomboid muscles

66
Q

what is characteritistc of rotator cuff tendonitits

A

Discomfort abducting arm past 90 degrees

67
Q

– chronic pain and stiffness w/limited should motion; middle age; follows period of immobilization from injury or medical condition

A

Adhesive capsulitits (frozen shoulder)

68
Q

passively abducting pt’s shoulder and observe lowering of hand to waist level (sudden drop = rotator cuff tear)

A

drop off test

69
Q

what does erythema migrans indicate?

A

lyme disease

70
Q

What are nodes at the DIP called?

A

Heberden

71
Q

What are nodes at the PIP called?

A

Bouchard

72
Q

1st line treatment with osteoarthritits

A

APAP

73
Q

ADRs w/ methotrexate

A

bone marrow toxicity
hepatitis
stomatitits

74
Q

ADR w/ hydroxychloroquine

A

retinopathy

75
Q

what hormones can hypothyroidism suppress?

A

GnRH, FSH, LH

Family Med (3 decks)

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