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Ch 19, 20, 21 Microbiology > Signs and Symptoms > Flashcards

Signs and Symptoms Flashcards

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1
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the throat
swollen mucosa
foul breath
white pockets are usually indicators of strep

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2
Q

Complications from S. pyogenes

A

scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, Glomerulonephritis, toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis

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3
Q

Rhinitis (common cold)

A

sneezing, runny nose, sore throat, low fever in children

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4
Q

Sinusitis

A

inflammation in the sinus cavities

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5
Q

Acute Otitis Media

A

Bacteria enter middle ear and multiply rapidly causing inflammation

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6
Q

Dipthereia

A

hallmark symptom is psudomembrane

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7
Q

Influenza

A

start in upper respiratory tract and can progress to lower, extreme fatigue, headache, chills, dry cough, body aches, fever, sore throat, secondary infections

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8
Q

Influenza A

A

Pandemics and antigenic shift

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9
Q

Influenza B

A

Very common, antigenic drift

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10
Q

Influenza C

A

Very mild, presents like a severe cold, antigenic drift

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11
Q

Pertussis (whooping cough)

A

catarrhal stage: 1-2 weeks looks like a cold
paroxysmal: severe spouts of coughing spurts that can last up to 5 minutes
Recovery phase: susceptible to other respiratory infections

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12
Q

RSV

A

most prevalent cause of respiratory infection in newborns

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13
Q

Tuberculosis (white plague)

A

primary: confined to lungs
secondary: spread through body organs
Extrapulmonary: bones, spinal cords, brain, etc.

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14
Q

Pneumonia

A

alveoli fill with fluid

community- acquired and nosocomial

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15
Q

pneumococcal pneumoniae

A

most common cause of bacterial pneumonia

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16
Q

Legionnaire’s Disease

A

infects lungs
prefers white men over 50 who smoke
lives inside amoebas that live inside water cooling systems

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17
Q

Atypical pneumonia

A

walking pneumonia, less severe symptoms

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18
Q

Hantavirus

A

produces over exaggerated inflammatory response which can cause lungs to over inflate and you die

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19
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

inhalation of soil contaminate with bat or bird feces, many cases are asymptomatic

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20
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)

A

Opportunistic infection in AIDS patients

antifungals are usually ineffective due to cell wall structure

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21
Q

Salmonella

A

can have a fever, get into the blood stream and cause septicemia
mucous like diarrhea

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22
Q

shigella

A

watery diarrhea that can contain blood, intense abdominal pain, does not get into blood stream

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23
Q

E. coli (EHEC) hemorrhagic E. coli

A

blood in the stool and can cause irreversible damage to the kidneys

24
Q

Campylobacter

A

most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in the US, watery stool that last for a few days and goes away, possible complication is Guillain- Barre syndrome that causes paralysis

25
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

type of diarrhea you get after finishing antimicrobial drugs because the antibiotics kill your normal biota, lining of colon slough off completely

26
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

found after natural disasters, excessive vomiting and diarrhea, looks like grains of rice in poop, can die in less the 2 days

27
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

mimic other types of gastroenteritis, AIDS patients may experience chronic persistent diarrhea

28
Q

Rotavirus

A

biggest killer of children worldwide, damage intestines to leave them malnourished for the rest of their life

29
Q

S. aureus food poisoning

A

most common food poisoning, contaminated by handling or lack of refrigeration, effects nerves in GI tract to cause severe cramping, 1-8 hours before presentation

30
Q

Bacillus cereus food poisoning

A

Vegetables or grains contaminated by soil
2 toxins that cause different reactions
1st is diarrheal that takes 8-12 hours usually from vegetables
2nd emetic takes 1-8 from rice

31
Q

Clostridium perfringens food poisoning

A

live cells are in food and create toxin once in the body, not common, acts on epithelial cells creating acute abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea
set up infection in the GI tract similar to that of C. difficile

32
Q

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)

A

adhere to human cells in aggregates rather than single cells, stimulates secretion of large amounts of mucus in the gut

33
Q

Cyclospora

A

associated with night soil in imported berries and leafy greens

34
Q

Giardia “Beaver fever”

A

Sucks on intestines and cause ulcers, hallmark symptom is purple burps which is sulfur smelling flatulence, stool is greasy

35
Q

Entamoeba

A

burrow through intestinal tract ad can get into liver and lungs, create cyst containing nuclei of the amoeba in liver, quadruples

36
Q

Gastritis

A

burning pain from abdomen

37
Q

Gastric ulcers (peptic ulcers),

A

lesions in mucosa of the stomach or in uppermost part of small intestine, symptoms become worse at night because when you lay down the acid swishes around

38
Q

Hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver, disrupt bile production created the hallmark symptom of jaundice

39
Q

Hepatitis A and E

A

transmitted fecal- oral route, fatigue and flu-like symptoms, jaundice or swollen liver

40
Q

Hepatitis B and D

A

Spread by blood and body fluids, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, rashes or arthritis can appear, some cases lead to liver cancer

41
Q

Hepatitis C “silent epidemic”

A

most common reason for liver transplant in the US, can share symptoms of HBV but more likely to become chronic

42
Q

Pinworm

A

Hallmark symptom is anal itching, most common worm disease of children in temperate zones

43
Q

Tapeworm

A

Can come from uncooked pork or beef, seen in stool as little white worms wiggling around, can migrate out of intestine and into smooth muscle and create cysts

44
Q

UTI

A

urgency but less excreted, burning while urination, urine is cloudy with ammonia like odor, can have orange or red tint as a sign of blood, lower back pain if infection moves up the kidneys

45
Q

Leptospirosis

A

Leptospirosis phase: appears in blood and CSF, sudden high fever, muscle aches, conjunctivitis, vomiting
Immune phase: blood infection cleared by natural defenses, mild fever, Weil’s syndrome: kidney invasion, hepatic disease, jaundice, anemia, and neurological disturbances, long-term disability and death can occur from damage to kidneys and liver

46
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Male: inflammation urethra pain and burning, yellowish discharge, large number of cases are asymptomatic, primarily stay in urogenital tract but can spread to prostrate and epididymis
Female: thick yellowish discharge that is smelly and sometimes bloody, painful urination, can spread to cervix and cause scaring on fallopian tubes resulting in infertility

47
Q

Chlamydia

A

2-3 times more common than gonorrhea, most reported STD in the US
Males: inflammation, cleared discharge
Females: PID is very common
Certain strains are more virulent and can cause deformation of the genitals

48
Q

Vaginitis

A

Inflammation of the vagina, discharge (thick like curdled cheese, itchiness, burning

49
Q

Vaginosis

A

Same as vaginitis except no inflammation

50
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Males rarely show symptoms, women discharge becomes frothy and sometimes green, due to its lesion causing properties victims are more susceptible to HIV

51
Q

Prostatitis

A

UTI not completely treated, urgency but unable to urinate, pain in lower back, blood in urine, painful ejaculation

52
Q

Syphilis

A

Primary: ulceration usually found on genitals (raised edges and depressed center that is usually puss filled) stays for a few days and spontaneously heals
Secondary: dark brown/red rash on palms and soles that spontaneously heals
Tertiary: not treatable or transmissible, psychological state is altered and pupils turn cat eyed

53
Q

Congenital syphilis

A

early in pregnancy will cause miscarriage, later in pregnancy will result in problems with the eyes, ears, bones, and joints, often results in retardation

54
Q

Chancroid

A

looks like syphilis but doesn’t progress past chancre stage, soft chancre, found on shaft of man’s penis and generally internal for women, inguinal lymph nodes can be inflamed and tender

55
Q

Genital Herpes

A

vesicles are small filled with clear fluid, can be single or multiple vesicles on genital, perineum, thigh, buttocks, can occur multiple times not at all or only react symptomatically once

Ch 19, 20, 21 Microbiology (2 decks)

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