Signs and Symptoms Flashcards
a feeling of apprehension that is caused by anticipation of internal or external danger/threat
anxiety
unfocused and pervasive fear that is not attached to any idea
free-floating anxiety
anxiety caused by a consciously recognized and realistic danger
fear
motor restlessness associated with severe anxiety
agitation
unpleasant increased motor and psychological activity
tension
acute, episodic, intense anxiety attack associated with overwhelming feelings of dread
panic
dulled emotional tone associated with indifference or detachment
apathy
presence of 2 opposing impulses or feelings toward the same thing
ambivalence
loss or decrease in appetite
anorexia
increase in appetite and food intake
hyperphagia
difficulty or lack of the ability to fall asleep
insomnia
excessive sleeping
hypersomnia
mood is worst in the morning, after awakening, and improves as day progresses
diurnal variation
decreased sexual interest, drive, performance
diminished libido
pathological imitation of movements of another person
echopraxia
these are called motor anomalies
catatonia (catalepsy, catatonic excitement, catatonic stupor, catatonic rigidity, catatonic posturing)
motiveless resistance to all instructions or to all attempts to be moved
negativism
temporary muscle weakness and loss of muscle tone because of different emotional states
cataplexy
repetitive fixed pattern of physical action or speech
stereotypy
deep-seated/ingrained and habitual involuntary movement
mannerism
automatic following of suggestions
command automatism or automatic obedience
voicelessness that is not caused by structural abnormalities or physical conditions
mutism
excessive motor and cognitive overactivity, nonproductive, in response to inner tension
psychomotor agitation
involuntary, spasmodic motor movement
tic
uncontrollable impulse to perform an act repetitively. if resisted, produces anxiety; repetitive behavior in response to an obsession or performed according to certain rules
compulsion (dipsomania - alcohol; kleptomania - steal; nymphomania - coitus in women; satyriasis - coitus in men; trichotillomania - pulling hair)
automatic activity compulsive in nature, anxiety-reducing in origin
ritual
forceful goal-directed action that may be verbal or physical; the motor counterpart of the affect of rage, anger, or hostility
aggression
direct expression of an unconscious wish or impulse in action; unconscious fantasy is lived out impulsively in behavior
acting out
new word or phrase whose derivation cannot be understood
neologism
incoherent, essentially incomprehensible, mixture of words and phrases commonly seen in far-advanced cases of schizophrenia
word salad
a person’s psychopathological repeating of words or phrases of by another; tends to be repetitive and persistent
echolalia
gradual or sudden deviation in train of thought without blocking; sometimes used synonymously with loosening of association
derailment
unintelligible jargon that has meaning to the speaker but not to the listener
glossolalia
false belief that one is bereft or will be deprived of all material possessions
delusion of poverty
delusion pertaining to the functioning of one’s body
somatic delusion
false belief of being harassed or persecuted; often found in litigious patients who have a pathological tendency to take legal action because of imagined mistreatment
delusion of persecution
exaggerated conception of one’s importance, power, or identity
delusion of grandeur
false belief that the behavior of others refers to oneself have a particular and unusual significance; persons falsely feel that others are talking about them; thought broadcasting
delusion of reference
false feeling of remorse and guilt. Seen in depression with psychotic features
delusion of self-accusation
false belief that a person’s will, thoughts, or feelings are being controlled by external forces.
delusion of control (thought withdrawal, thought insertion, thought broadcasting)
false belief that one’s lover is unfaithful. Sometimes called pathological jealousy
delusion of infidelity
delusional belief, more common in women than in men, that someone is deeply in love with them
Erotomania (also known as de Clérembault syndrome).
morbid self-preoccupation or self-centeredness
egomania
mental state characterized by preoccupation with one subject
monomania
exaggerated concern about health that is based not on real medical pathology, but on unrealistic interpretations of physical signs or sensations as abnormal
hypochondria
persistent and recurrent idea, thought, or impulse that cannot be eliminated from consciousness by logic or reasoning; these are involuntary and ego-dystonic
obsession
involuntary use of vulgar or obscene language. Observed in some cases of schizophrenia and in Tourette’s syndrome
coprolalia
persistent, pathological, unrealistic, intense fear of an object or situation; the person may realize that the fear is irrational but, nonetheless, cannot dispel it
phobia
a revelation in which immense illumination occurs in association with a sense that one has been chosen to lead and command.
noesis
copious, coherent, logical speech; excessive talking observed in manic episodes of bipolar disorder
verbomania/volubility
restriction in the amount of speech used; replies may be mono-syllabic
poverty of speech
frequent repetition or prolongation of a sound or syllable, leading to markedly impaired speech fluency
stuttering
false sensory perception not associated with real external stimuli; there may or may not be a delusional interpretation
hallucination
false perception in which objects are seen as reduced in size
Liliputian Hallucination
Hallucinations, most often auditory, that are associated with chronic alcohol abuse and that occur within a clear sensorium
hallucinosis
perceptual abnormality associated with hallucinogenic drugs in which moving object are seen as a series of discrete and discontinuous stages
trailing phenomenon
misperception or misinterpretation of real external sensory stimuli
illusion
loss of sensory modalities resulting from emotional conflicts
hysterical anesthesia
a subjective sense of being unreal, strange, or unfamiliar to oneself
depersonalization
a subjective sense that the environment is strange or unreal; a feeling of changed reality
derealization
taking on a new identity with amnesia for the old identity; often involves travel or wandering to new environments
fugue
partial or total inability to recall past experiences; may be organic or emotional in origin.
amnesia
falsification of memory by distortion of recall
paramnesia
unconscious filling of gaps in memory by imagined or untrue experiences that patient believes but that have no basis in fact
confabulation
illusion of visual recognition in which a new situation is correctly regarded as a repetition of a previous memory.
deja vu
exaggerated degree of retention and recall
hypermnesia
a consciously tolerable memory covering for a painful memory
screen memory
a defense mechanism characterized by unconscious forgetting of unacceptable ideas or impulses
repression
organic and global deterioration of intellectual functioning without clouding of consciousness
dementia
clinical features resembling a dementia not caused by an organic mental dysfunction; most often caused by depression
pseudodementia
