Signaling Pathways Flashcards
mTOR
mTOR stands for mechanistic Target of Rapamycin. It is a major signaling protein in cells and its substrates are 4EBP1 and S6 Kinase. These substrates are responsible for translation initiation regulation.
MAP Kinase
MAP Kinase stands for Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase and is a major signaling protein in cells. It is downstream of the Ras protein pathway.
PI3 Kinase
PI3 Kinase or “Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase” is a major signaling protein in cells and its function is to phosphorylate phosphoinositides (near the plasma membrane) producing PIP3 that in turn activates Akt (Protein Kinase B). The PI3 Kinase pathway and Akt is upstream of the mTOR pathway.
STAT5
This is a transcription factor that normally stays in the cytosol. Upon ligand stimulation, STAT5 dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus where it acts as a transcription factor.
Hedgehog Pathway
This pathway is prevalent in embryonic cells and causes these cells to differentiate.
NF kappa B
This protein is found in the cytosol. Upon stimulation by ligand, this protein gets activated and moves to the nucleus to promote transcription and thus induce oncogenesis.
Pim1
This protein is a proto-oncogene and is a serine/threonine kinase. It has been shown to interact with Flt3.
Rel A protein
This is part of the NF Kappa family of transcription factors - contains two C-terminal transactivation domains and a Rel homology domain in the N terminus.
Rheb protein
Rheb stands for Ras Homolog enriched in the brain. It is a major protein involved in the mTOR pathway and regulation of cell cycle.
Raptor
Regulatory Associated Protein of mTOR which is an adapter protein encoded by the RPTOR gene. Most highly expressed in skeletal muscle.
Sonic Hedgehog
This is a ligand for the Hedgehog signaling pathway. It plays a key role in the development of animals as distant as insects and mammals.
Adaptor Protein
These are proteins that are involved in forming multi-protein complexes by linking respective interaction partners.
