Signaling pathways

Question 1

Which hormones operate via cAMP signaling pathway?

Answer 1

FLAT ChAMP calls Grandma G
FSH, LSH, ACTH, TSH
CRH, hCG, ADH (V2), MSH, PTH
Calcitonin, GHRH, Glucagon

Question 2

Which hormones operate via cGMP signaling pathway?

Answer 2

ANP, BNP, NO (EDRF). (Vasodilators)

Question 3

Which hormones operate via IP3 signaling pathway?

Answer 3

GOAT HAG
GnRH, Oxytocin, ADH (V1), TRH
Histamine (H1), Angiotension II, Gastrin

Question 4

Which hormones operate via Intracellular receptor?

Answer 4

ZG: Aldosterone
ZF: Cortisol
ZR: Estrogen/testosterone, progesterone
Other: Vitamin D, T3/T4

Question 5

Which hormones operate via Intrinsic tyrosine kinase?

Answer 5

Insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF, EGF (Via MAP kinase pathway. Think growth factors).

Question 6

Which hormones operate via Receptor associated tyrosine kinase?

Answer 6

PIGGlET
Prolactin, Immunomodulators (cytokines), GH, G-CSF, EPO, Thrombopoietin
JAK-STAT pathway. Think acidophils and cytokines

Question 7

How do steroid hormones circulate?

Answer 7

Bound to binding globulins, since they are lipophilic, need protein to increase solubility

Question 8

What does increased sex hormone binding globulin in men cause?

Answer 8

Lowers free testosterone –> gynecomastia.

Question 9

What does decreased sex hormone binding globulin in women cause?

Answer 9

Raises free testosterone –> hirsutism.

Question 10

How do OCPs and pregnancy affect SHBGs?

Answer 10

Increase to accomodate increased estrogen. Free estrogen levels are the same.

Question 11

Where do steroid hormones bind their receptors?

Answer 11

Receptor located in nucleus or cytoplasm. DNA-binding domain exposed, results in increased transcription of something.