Signal Transduction Flashcards
Cells Communicate to regulate what?
Survival
Division
Differentiation
Death
What is disease?
The disruption of Cell Signaling
What is a target cell?
A cell that has receptors for a specific ligand/ signaling molecule.
Where are receptors located in a cell?
On the inside and the outside of the cell
Describe the signaling cascade.
- A ligand/signaling molecule binds a cell surface receptor
- Plasma membrane receptor gives rise to intracellular signaling proteins
- Intracellular signaling proteins activate Effector Proteins
- Effector Proteins cause cellular response/changes
What do metabolic enzymes do?
They change cell metabolism
What do gene regulation proteins do?
They change gene expression
What do cytoskeleton proteins do?
They change cell shape or change mov’t of the cell
List some Effector Proteins.
Metabolic enzymes
Gene regulatory proteins
Cytoskeleton proteins
What is the Fast Signaling Pathway?
It is when the intracellular signals Alters Protein Function. This causes change in cytoplasmic machinery, and cell behavior.
Takes only seconds/minutes to happen.
What is the Slow Signaling Pathway?
Signals create a response in the cell nucleus, changing gene expression and “changes protein synthesis***. This changes cytoplamsic machinery and cell behavior.
Takes minutes/hours to happen
What are the types of cell signaling?
Contact-Dependent
Paracrine
Synaptic
Endocrine
Describe Contact Dependent Signaling.
A cell has a protein embedded in its plasma membrane and physically binds its protein to the receptor of a neighboring cell by direct contact.
Describe Paracrine Signaling.
There is one cell that acts like a mail man and sends signals to multiple cells at the same time.
Very close/neighboring cells can also communicate via what mechanism?
Gap junctions
