Signal Transduction

Question 1

what is another name for noradrenaline

Answer 1

norepinephrine

Question 2

what effect does norepinephrine do in smooth muscle cells

Answer 2

contracts the smooth muscle

Question 3

what effect does acetylcholine have on smooth muscle cells

Answer 3

it relaxes the muscle

Question 4

what type of cells does acetylcholine bind to to produce the effect it induces on smooth muscle cells

Answer 4

epithelial cells

Question 5

what type of enzyme does L-arginine bind to

Answer 5

Nitric Oxide Synthase

Question 6

where do we get L-arginine from

Answer 6

diet

Question 7

what is the rate limiting factor in a normal NO production

Answer 7

NOS

Question 8

what are the two substrates in a normal NO production

Answer 8

L-arginine and Oxygen

Question 9

what can NOS bind to to make a toxic compound

Answer 9

free radicals

Question 10

what is the toxic substance that can be produced from NOS

Answer 10

peroxynitrite

Question 11

what word describes NO when O2’- is absent

Answer 11

innocuous

Question 12

what is NO secreted as in urine

Answer 12

nitrite

Question 13

where are eNOS and iNOS expressed

Answer 13

in cells (neuron and epithelial)

Question 14

what are some activators of NO

Answer 14

acetylcholine
bradykinin
thrombin
substance p
trauma

Question 15

what are activators also known as

Answer 15

agonists

Question 16

after the agonists binds to their according 7TM receptor, what happens next

Answer 16

the receptor will activate a specific G protein which will then activate the enzyme (also on the cell membrane) adenylate cyclase, this will then produce … which will then bond with ATP and produce cAMP. cAMP will bond with Protein Kinase A to activate it, AND it will activate other signalling cascades