Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Signal Transduction > Flashcards

Signal Transduction Flashcards

1
Q

what is the homeostatic reflex arc?

A

Note the autonomic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ligands: agonist vs antagonist

A
  1. signal increase
  2. signal decrease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the classes for Biogenic Amine NTs?

A
  1. catecholamines (NorE, Epi, Dopamine)
  2. Esters (Ach)
  3. Indolamines (Histamine, 5-HT)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Catecholamines are sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Post-ganglionic sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acetylcholine is used where?

A
  1. autonomic ganglia
  2. skeletal muscle

(postganglionic parasympathetic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the peptide NTs?

A

dont need to memorize NVM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Amino Acid NTs

A
  1. Excitatory (glutamate, Aspartate)
  2. inhibitory (GABA, Glycine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

NT: other

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the steps of G-protein Cycling?

A
  1. agonist binds receptor in lock and key
  2. receptor associates with G-protein
  3. GTP enters and replaces GDP
  4. Aplha-GDP and Beta/gamma subunits dissociate and start activating downstream protiens
  5. alpha subununit hydrolyes GTP
  6. subunits reunite

the alpha subunit GTPase activity- this acts like a timer. Therefore, the subunit is on a timer, and the signal does not stay on forever.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Different alpha subunits …?

A

have different downstreatm effects (2nd messengers/ion channels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

B-gamma subunit

A

???
slide 13 (relisten)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three alpha subunit families?

A

s- stimulates AC
i- inhibits AC
q- phospholipidase C (ca2+ levels increase in the cell??)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does Adenylate Cyclase and cAMP do?

A

AC converts ATP-Mg2+ to cAMP

cAMP activates PKA

phosphodiesterases (PDE) get rid of CAMP (regulation). Everything is a balancing act.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does PKA activity affect function?

A

varies- can increase or decrease (enzymes, pumps, channels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the families of Adenylate cyclase?

A

ADCY1, ADCY2, …, ADCY10, just note that there are many families

isoforms differ in acticity modulation??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the components of the PLC system?

A

the end result: increased intracellular Ca2+

17
Q

What are the components of the Guanylate Cyclase system?

A
  • ca2+ calmodulin complex activates NO synthase (CM-Ca2+)

note the presence of PDE to break down cGMP (Viagra is an example, it prevents breakdown of cGMP resulting in vasodilation)

18
Q

NO is made where and acts where?

A
  1. Vascular endothelial cells
  2. nearby smooth muscle cells

it increases cGMP resulting in vasodilation

19
Q

ACh is found where?

A

PNS and CNS

20
Q

What two types of receptors does ACh bind?

A
  1. nicotinic receptor
  2. muscarinic receptors
21
Q

Nicotinic Receptor Mechanism

A

ACh opens

22
Q

What are the subtypes of nicotinic receptors?

A
  • alpha and beta subunits
  • Skeletal muscle (N1 or Nm)
  • Autonomic ganglia (N2 or Ng)
23
Q

other ligand gated channels

A
24
Q

Muscarinic Receptors

A
  • not channles
  • assoc. with G-proteins
  • 5 subtypes (m1-m5)
25
Q

m1,3,5 receptors function

A

Activate Phospholipase C through Gq

PLC activation —> increased IP3 –> increased intracellular Ca++

Increased intracellular Ca++ —>
Activation of Ca++-sensitive K+ & Cl- channels.
* Generally, cause smooth muscle contraction

26
Q

m2 and m4 receptor function

A
  1. Gi -coupled inhibition of adenylate cyclase
  2. Gi -coupled activation of certain (e.g., GIRK) K+ channels ??

Sometimes you see these called** Gk** or Go coupled
* Classic example will be M2 receptors in heart
* Generally, have an inhibitory effect

27
Q

What are the three familes of Adrenergic Receptors?

A

sympathetic Nervous System

  • G-protein Association
28
Q

Adrenergic receptor are coupled to cellular processes through…?

A

G-proteins

29
Q

B-Adrenegeric receptors are coupled to which G protein?

what is the end result?

A
  • Gs, which stimulates cAMP which increases PKA act.
  • tend to relax smooth muscle
30
Q

alpha1 adrenergic receptor is couples to what G protein?

A

Gq, which activates PLC, which increases either

  1. IP3 and DAG
  2. **Ca2+ channels **

tend to contract smooth muscle

31
Q

alpha 2 adrenergic receptor

A

Gi -mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
* Decreased cAMP
* Decreased PKA activity.

Gi – activates K+ channels
* Hyperpolarizes cell membranes
* Classic example is presynaptic inhibition of neurons

  • tends to inhibit (i.e. pre-synaptic neurotransmitter release)
32
Q

Adrenergic Receptor Review

A

Physiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions