Signal Transduction

Question 1

What is signal transduction

Answer 1

signals that are released from other tissues or neighbouring cells
these signals from outside the cell get inside the cell through receptors

Question 2

What facilitates signal transduction

Answer 2

membrane proteins - more specifically receptors

Question 3

How do signals make it to inside the cell?

Answer 3

ligand binds to the receptor and changed the confirmation of the protein
cytosolic side is affected by the conformation change
these changes cause other proteins to become activated

Question 4

How does epinephrine work as a ligand

Answer 4

• epinephrine is the fight or flight hormone made in the adrenal gland
• activates the conversion of glycogen to glucose
• ligand travels through the blood, binds to receptor in the liver cell and conformation changes on cytosolic side

Question 5

Extra cellular matrix

Answer 5

Intricate network composed of an array of multidomain macromolecules organized in a cell/tissue-specific manner.

• membrane proteins are important for interacting with components in the ECM
• Integral memb proteins act as anchors by binding and associating with the ECM

Question 6

G proteins

Answer 6

G proteins (associated with GDP or GTP) are either in an off or on state

• GDP = g proteins off, GTP = G protein on
• Receptor causes GDP to fall off and GTP to attach which actives G protein and other molecules which turns on the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase to break down glycogen

Question 7

What is the ECM in plants?

Answer 7

cell walls