Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis Flashcards
2 primacy instincts that drives humans
Sex and Aggression
Instincts is rooted in the _____ and largely govern our behavior
Unconscious
Refers to those forces that motivate people
Dynamics of personality
Levels of Mental Life
Consciousness
Preconscious
Unconscious
Driving forces in personality
Instincts
4 basic characteristics of instincts
source
aim
impetus
object
Instinctual drives are initiated when people want to seek _____ and achieve a state of _____
Gratification
Equilibrium
Is the region of the body in a state of excitation or tension
In some bodily deficit
Source
Is to seek pleasure by removing that excitation or reducing the tension
Gratification of the need
Aim
A drive’s _____ is the amount of force it exerts
that propels the person to act
Impetus
The person or thing that serve as the means through which the aim is satisfied
Through which the instinct achieve its aim
Object
Two types of instincts under Freud
Life Instinct (Eros)
Death Instinct ( Thanatos)
Eros:Sex
Thanatos:
Aggression
Psychic and pleasurable feelings associated with the satisfaction of life instincts
Energy
Libido
The goal of life is _____
Death
The object of the sexual instinct is any person or thing that brings _____
Sexual pleasure
Self-centeredness possess by all infants
Primary Narcissism
Self-centeredness experienced by adolescence, not universal to all
Secondary Narcissism
Second manifestation of eros.
It is when people invest their libido on an object or person other than themselves
Love
Receiving sexual pleasure from inflicting pain on another
Sadism
Receiving sexual pleasure from painful experiences
Masochism
A destructive instinct that aims to return a person to an inorganic state, usually directed agains other people
Aggression
Only _____ feels anxiety
Ego
Anxiety that stems from ego’s relation with the id
Neurotic anxiety
Anxiety that stems from ego’s relation with the id
Neurotic anxiety
Anxiety that is similar to guilt
Ego’s relationship with superego
Moral Anxiety
Anxiety that is similar to fear
Ego’s relationship with the real world
Realistic Anxiety
Includes drives and instincts that are beyond awareness but that motivate most human behaviors
Unconscious
Unconscious processes originate from two sources:
Repression
Phylogenetic endowment
The blocking out of anxiety-filled experiences
Repression
The inherited experiences that lie beyond an individual’s personal experience
Phylogenetic endowment
Contains images that are not in awareness but can become conscious either quite easily or with some level of difficulty
Preconscious
Plays relatively minor role in Freudian theory
Stem from either the perception of external stimuli or from the unconscious and preconscious after the have evaded censorship
Conscious
Serves as an ego-preserving mechanism because it signals us that danger is at hand
Anxiety
3 regions of the mind
Id
Ego
Superego
Primary process that is completely unconscious and contains our basic instincts
Seething cauldron: that contains painful and primitive
urges and desires.
Id
Id serves the ________ principle
Pleasure
Secondary process that is responsible for reconciling the unrealistic demands of the Id and the Superego
Ego
Ego is governed by the _____ principle
Reality
Represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality
Describes the internalization of societal values.
Superego
Superego serves the _____ principle
Moralistic/Idealistic
Two sub-system of super ego
Conscience
Ego-Ideal
Result from the punishment for improper behavior
Tell us what we should not do
Conscience
Stems from rewards for socially acceptable behavior
Tell us what we should do
Ego-Ideal
Operate to protect the ego against the pain of anxiety
Defense Mechanisms
Involves forcing unwanted, anxiety-loaded experiences into the unconscious.
Repression
For example: A woman who hated her father might repress her hostility and anger and thus be totally unaware of her actual feelings.
Repression
Refers to a person’s refusal to perceive an unpleasant event in external reality.
Denial
Refers to the unconscious attempt to
obtain gratification for id impulses by shifting them to substitute objects
Displacement
Redirecting unwanted urges onto other objects or people in order to disguise the original impulse
Displacement
Most basic of all defense mechanism
Repression
For example: A young boy who is insulted by a strong teenager may not be able to retaliate for fear that the adolescent might physically hurt him. Instead, he may vent his anger on someone smaller or weaker than he is.
Displacement
For example: A young boy who is insulted by a strong teenager may not be able to retaliate for fear that the adolescent might physically hurt him. Instead, he may vent his anger on someone smaller or weaker than he is.
Displacement
When psychic energy is blocked at one stage of development, making psychological change difficult.
Fixation
People who continually derive pleasure from eating, smoking or
talking may have an ____ fixation
Oral
Those who are obsessed with
neatness, and orderliness may possess an _____ fixation.
Anal
Occur whenever a person reverts to earlier, more infantile modes of behavior.
There is movement from mature behavior to immature behavior.
Regression
For example: A 6- year-old boy might start sucking his thumb or cling to
his mother on the first day of school.
Regression
The justification of behavior through the use of plausible, but inaccurate excuses.
Rationalization
For example: A young athlete, dropped from the team because of lack of ability, comes to the conclusion that he did not really want to be on the team because it is going to lose so many games.
Rationalization
Seeing in others those unacceptable feelings or behaviors that actually reside in one’s own unconscious.
Projection
For example: A girl who hates her mother may convinced that her
mother hates her.
A students who cheat on examinations may continually assert that other students get high grades because they cheated.
Projection
For example: A girl who hates her mother may convinced that her
mother hates her.
A students who cheat on examinations may continually assert that other students get high grades because they cheated.
Projection
Take place when people incorporate positive qualities of another person into their own ego to reduce feelings of inferiority.
Introjections
Ex. An adolescent may adopt mannerisms, values or lifestyle of a
movie star. Such gives the adolescent an inflated sense of self-
worth and keeps feelings of inferiority to a minimum.
Introjections
Process that allows individuals to protect themselves against unbearable pain by dissociating
between one thoughts and feelings.
Intellectualization
For example: A woman may conjure up an elaborate rationale to explain
the death of her husband. By citing reasons and focusing on the logic of
her argument, she may avoid, or a while at least, the tremendous pain
associated with such traumatic experience.
Intellectualization
Sometimes a person who thinks or acts on an undesirable
impulse makes amends by performing some action that nullifies
the undesirable one.
Undoing
By performing the ______, the person is convinced that the wrong he or she committed has rectified
Undoing
For example: A boy who has continual thoughts about masturbation and believes that they are evil may wash his hands frequently as a means of
cleansing himself.
Undoing
4 psychosexual development
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latent
Genital
Oral, Anal, and Phallic stages are part of what period?
Infantile period
An infant is primarily motivated to receive pleasure through the mouth.
Oral phase
2nd year of life a child goes through an _____ phase
Anal
Children receive satisfaction by destroying or losing objects.
Early Anal Period
They sometimes take a friendly interest toward their feces, an interest that stems from the erotic pleasure of defecating.
Late Anal Period
If parents are too punitive during
the anal phase, the child may adopt an _____
Anal Triad
Anal triad is consist of
Orderliness
Stinginess
Obstinacy
3-4 years of age,
Stage when the genital area becomes the leading erogenous zone.
Phallic
Which they have sexual feelings for one parent and
hostile feelings for the other.
Oedipus complex
Takes the form of castration anxiety breaks up the male oedipus complex and results in a well-formed superego.
Castration Complex
For girls, the castration complex takes the form of
Penis envy
Psychosexual development from age 5 to puberty, which sexual instinct is partially surpressed
Latency stage
Begins with puberty, when adolescent experience a reawakening of genital aim of Eros
Genital
A stage in which the ego
would be in control of the id and superego and in which consciousness would play a more important role in behavior.
Maturity
Applications of Psychoanalytic Theory
Free association
Transference
Dream Analysis
Freudian Slips/Parapraxes
Patients are required to verbalize every thought that comes to their mind, no matter how irrelevant or
repugnant it may appear.
Free Association
Refers to the strong and sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or
negative, the patients develop toward their analyst during the course of treatment.
Transference
In the form of hostility must
be recognized by the therapist and explained to patients so that they can overcome any resistance to
treatment.
Negative Transference
To transform the manifest content of dreams to the more important latent content.
Dream Analysis
Surface meaning or conscious
description given by the dreamer
Manifest Content
Refers to unconscious material of the dreamer
Latent Content
