sievert H&N nerves after primordia, exterior of skull, face, and scalp

Question 1

what are the four components that spinal nerves may contain?

Answer 1

GSA=general sensory afferent
GVA=visceral sensory afferent
GSE=somatomotor
GVE=visceromotor

Question 2

what are the locations of GVE on the spinal cord?

Answer 2

T1-L2 for symp

s2-s4 for parasymp

Question 3

what are the potential sensory components of cranial nerves?

Answer 3

Special somatosensory (SSA) (vision and balance/hearing)
General somatosensory (GSA) (skin, touch, tempetc.)
General viscerosensory (GVA) (gut, info coming back on sympathetics or parasympathetics)
Special viscerosensory (SVA) (taste buds and nasal placode)

Question 4

what are the potential motor components of cranial nerves

Answer 4

Visceromotor (GVE) (autonomic, SM cant voluntary do)
Somatomotor (GSE) (muscles from somites, tongue and extraocular)
Branchiomotor (SVE) (muscles from branchial arches, 5 7 9 and 10 and maybe 11)

Question 5

location of branchiomotor

Answer 5

on their respective columns, between the visceromotor and the somatomotor nuclei

Question 6

why do we refer to brainstem column as broken?

Answer 6

when they were not needed, cell bodies of neurons underwent spontaneous degeneration!

Question 7

the location of the viscerosensory columns

Answer 7

they are close to the sulcus limitans. GSE and SVE

Question 8

location of general somatosensory

Answer 8

between the special somatosensory and the visceromotor

Question 9

how does the brainstem enlarge at the medulla/ons region?

Answer 9

middle dorsal portion of neural tube begins to split up, and then the fourth ventricle begins to enlarge.

Question 10

5 6 7 8 who do we appreciate?

Answer 10

PONS! we mean that these nuclei are in the PONS.

3 and 4 would be in the midbrain
12 in the medulla

Question 11

V1 sensory innervation

Answer 11

all the orbital region of forehead.

stuff along tip of nose, back of eye, and superior to that

Question 12

V2 sensory innervation

Answer 12

maxillary region

along maxilla and up into forehead

Question 13

V3 sensory innervation

Answer 13

mandibular region, all the way up to forehead

Question 14

greater occipital, which comes form C2, innervation

Answer 14

Occipital bone region, behind ears, and all the way down to neck

Question 15

cervical plexus sensory innervation distribution

Answer 15

everything in ear, except upper frontal qudrant. everything around margin of ear.
everything below the madible and enclosed by the greater occipital region

Question 16

from what nerves does the greater occipital nerve come form?

Answer 16

dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves (specifically C2))

Question 17

list the three divisions of the CN5, trigeminal

Answer 17

opthalmic div
maxillary div
mandibular div

Question 18

branches from cervical pelxus that innervate sensory region come from what?

Answer 18

ventral rami of cervical plexus

Question 19

list the three trigeminal foramen hella quick

Answer 19

supraorbital
infraorbital
mental

Question 20

list the openings through which the three main trigeminal branches leave

Answer 20

V1: superior orbital fissure
V2: foramen rotundum
V3: foramen ovale

Question 21

columnar distributions of nuclei on the three trigeminal branches

Answer 21

v1 and v2 are only sensory, GSA

v3 = GSA and branchiomotor`

Question 22

all nerves leave the brainstem ventrally, except?

Answer 22

the trochlear which comes off dorsally

Question 23

mid medulla weigert stain:
what does the black represent?
what does the white represent?
what does the anterior black region represent and do?

Answer 23

• black=myelinated axons
• white=cell bodies, aka nuclei
• pyramids are anteriorly; they carry info from UMN to LMN

Question 24

midmedula weigert stain:

what happens to the branchiomotor column?

Answer 24

the branchiomotor column gets dragged down far more anteriorly along the basal region of the sulcus limitans. why? we dunno. normally we’d expet it to be between the GVE and GSE

Question 25

mid medulla weigert stain:

position of the motor and sensory nuclei?

Answer 25

dorsally an into the open space, the two GSE nuclei are the most medial. the GVE are super dorsal too but they’re additionally a bit more lateral on are on the basal side of the sulcus limitans border

the GVA/SVA nuclei are right on the alar side, straight across the GVE–this makes sense.

SSA: these are super dorsal, alar, and a bit lateral… these aren’t even close to the suclus limitans

GSA and SVE: these are positioned on the most anterior part of the sulcus limitans

Question 26

landmark of caudal pons

Answer 26

the pontine gray (medial and `ventral and distinct nucleus), an area where the pyramids of the medulla sunk into gray matter…. the pontien gray axons form the what? the cerebellar pudencle

Question 27

what structure disappears at the midbrain?

Answer 27

the fourth ventricle. it becomes the cerebral aqueduct

Question 28

what is are the the mickey mouse ears on the midbrain, and what do they contain?

Answer 28

called the cerebral puduncle (unlike the cerebellar puduncle on the caudal pons)
contains: corticospinal, corticobulba, corticopontine fibers