sievert H&N nerves after primordia, exterior of skull, face, and scalp Flashcards
what are the four components that spinal nerves may contain?
GSA=general sensory afferent
GVA=visceral sensory afferent
GSE=somatomotor
GVE=visceromotor
what are the locations of GVE on the spinal cord?
T1-L2 for symp
s2-s4 for parasymp
what are the potential sensory components of cranial nerves?
Special somatosensory (SSA) (vision and balance/hearing) General somatosensory (GSA) (skin, touch, tempetc.) General viscerosensory (GVA) (gut, info coming back on sympathetics or parasympathetics) Special viscerosensory (SVA) (taste buds and nasal placode)
what are the potential motor components of cranial nerves
Visceromotor (GVE) (autonomic, SM cant voluntary do)
Somatomotor (GSE) (muscles from somites, tongue and extraocular)
Branchiomotor (SVE) (muscles from branchial arches, 5 7 9 and 10 and maybe 11)
location of branchiomotor
on their respective columns, between the visceromotor and the somatomotor nuclei
why do we refer to brainstem column as broken?
when they were not needed, cell bodies of neurons underwent spontaneous degeneration!
the location of the viscerosensory columns
they are close to the sulcus limitans. GSE and SVE
location of general somatosensory
between the special somatosensory and the visceromotor
how does the brainstem enlarge at the medulla/ons region?
middle dorsal portion of neural tube begins to split up, and then the fourth ventricle begins to enlarge.
5 6 7 8 who do we appreciate?
PONS! we mean that these nuclei are in the PONS.
3 and 4 would be in the midbrain
12 in the medulla
V1 sensory innervation
all the orbital region of forehead.
stuff along tip of nose, back of eye, and superior to that
V2 sensory innervation
maxillary region
along maxilla and up into forehead
V3 sensory innervation
mandibular region, all the way up to forehead
greater occipital, which comes form C2, innervation
Occipital bone region, behind ears, and all the way down to neck
cervical plexus sensory innervation distribution
everything in ear, except upper frontal qudrant. everything around margin of ear.
everything below the madible and enclosed by the greater occipital region
from what nerves does the greater occipital nerve come form?
dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves (specifically C2))
list the three divisions of the CN5, trigeminal
opthalmic div
maxillary div
mandibular div
branches from cervical pelxus that innervate sensory region come from what?
ventral rami of cervical plexus
list the three trigeminal foramen hella quick
supraorbital
infraorbital
mental
list the openings through which the three main trigeminal branches leave
V1: superior orbital fissure
V2: foramen rotundum
V3: foramen ovale
columnar distributions of nuclei on the three trigeminal branches
v1 and v2 are only sensory, GSA
v3 = GSA and branchiomotor`
all nerves leave the brainstem ventrally, except?
the trochlear which comes off dorsally
mid medulla weigert stain:
what does the black represent?
what does the white represent?
what does the anterior black region represent and do?
- black=myelinated axons
- white=cell bodies, aka nuclei
- pyramids are anteriorly; they carry info from UMN to LMN
midmedula weigert stain:
what happens to the branchiomotor column?
the branchiomotor column gets dragged down far more anteriorly along the basal region of the sulcus limitans. why? we dunno. normally we’d expet it to be between the GVE and GSE
mid medulla weigert stain:
position of the motor and sensory nuclei?
dorsally an into the open space, the two GSE nuclei are the most medial. the GVE are super dorsal too but they’re additionally a bit more lateral on are on the basal side of the sulcus limitans border
the GVA/SVA nuclei are right on the alar side, straight across the GVE–this makes sense.
SSA: these are super dorsal, alar, and a bit lateral… these aren’t even close to the suclus limitans
GSA and SVE: these are positioned on the most anterior part of the sulcus limitans
landmark of caudal pons
the pontine gray (medial and `ventral and distinct nucleus), an area where the pyramids of the medulla sunk into gray matter…. the pontien gray axons form the what? the cerebellar pudencle
what structure disappears at the midbrain?
the fourth ventricle. it becomes the cerebral aqueduct
what is are the the mickey mouse ears on the midbrain, and what do they contain?
called the cerebral puduncle (unlike the cerebellar puduncle on the caudal pons)
contains: corticospinal, corticobulba, corticopontine fibers