Sierra Flashcards
Osteoconductive
Provides a natural scaffold for new bone formation (doesn’t cause osteogenesis though, only aids). Usually used in reference to bone graft.
Osteogenesis
The formation of bone
Osteoinductive
Osteoinduction is the process by which osteogenesis is induced. Osteoinduction implies the recruitment of immature cells and the stimulation of these cells to develop into preosteoblasts.
Allograft bone
A tissue graft used during surgery that is taken from someone other than the patient being operated on, usually from a cadaver or a bone bank.
Problems: by itself it is only osteoconductive, not osteoinductive. Needs something like stem cells or bmp to cause bone cell growth.
Autograft
Bone graft which is created from taking bone from one location in an individual (ileum of pelvis usually) and placed in another in the same individual.
Problems: extra surgery time & usually means multiple incisions = more chance for complications, infections and longer recovery.
Xenograft
Bone graft taken from another species
Problems: only osteoconductive, not osteoinductive on its own
DBM
A bone grafting option often used during spine fusion surgery. Minerals are taken out of the bone graft in attempt to make it more osteoinductive
BMP
A growth factor that triggers the formation of new bone or cartilage. Sometimes BMP is used in lieu of bone graft in spinal fusion surgeries
Ankylosis
Immobility or consolidation of a joint due to bone fussion, disease, injury or surgical procedure.
Arthrodesis (artificial ankylosis)
The surgical fixation of a joint by a procedure designed to accomplish fusion of the joint surfaces by promoting the proliferation of bone cells; also called artificial ankylosis
Annulus fibrosis
Cartilaginous outer wall of an intervertebral disc; contains the inner gel-like fluid of the disc’s nucleus pulposis
Antero-lateral
Situated and occurring in front of and to the side
Acute
Pain that is sudden; categorized as lasting three months or less.
Antero-medial
Situated and occurring in front of and to the middle
Antero-posterior (AP)
Directed from the front to back
Anterior lumbar internist fusion (ALIF)
A spine surgery that fuses two or more lumbar vertebrae together into a solid segment of bone. The fusion takes place between anterior vertebral bodies, meaning the posterior arch and spinous process are not fused
Apical vertebrae
The most rotated vertebrae in a curve; the most deviated vertebrae from the patients access.
Arthro-
Prefix referring to “joint”
Arthritis
Commonly used term that describes a disorder that causes inflammation, pain and restricted movement of the joints
Arthroplasty
The field of medicine dealing with the surgical reconstruction and total replacement of degenerated joints
Arthroscope
A type of endoscope used to gain access and visualization to the interior of a joint to correct abnormalities
Arthroscopy
A minimally invasive procedure that utilizes an arthroscope to visualize the inside of a joint.
Articular
Of or relating to a joint or joints
Bone
Hard rigid form of connective tissue composed mainly of calcium salts, hydroxyapatite crystals and collagen