SIDE EFFECTS Flashcards
1
Q
Cutaneous Flushing
A
Vancomycin Adenosine Niacin Ca2+ channel blockers Echinocandins Nitrates
VANCEN
2
Q
Coronary Vasospasm
A
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Sumatriptan
Ergot alkaloids
(CASE)
3
Q
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
A
Alcohol
Anthracycline (eg, doxorubicin, daunorubicin; prevent with dexrazoxane)
Trastuzumab
4
Q
Torsade de Pointes
A
- AntiArrhythmics (class IA, III)
- AntiBiotics (eg, macrolides, fluoroquinolones)
- Anti“C”ychotics (especially ziprasidone, iloperidone, haloperidol, risperidone, thioridazine)
- AntiDepressants (eg, TCAs (e.g., nortriptyline, -amitriptyline))
- AntiEmetics (serotonin receptor antagonists antiemetics (e.g., ondansetron), metoclopramide)
- Azoles (eg, fluconazole)
- Antimalarials (e.g., artemether/lumefantrine, quinine, chloroquine)
- Methadone
- Electrolyte abnormalities (eg, hypomagnesemia)
- Antivirals (protease inhibitors (eg, saquinavir, atazanavir))
5
Q
Agranulocytosis
A
Dapsone Clozapine Carbamazepine Propylthiouracil Methimazole Colchicine Ticlopidine Ganciclovir Chemotherapeutics
Drugs Can Cause Pretty Major Collapse To Granulocytes
6
Q
Aplastic Anemia
A
Carbamazepine Methimazole NSAIDs Benzene Chloramphenicol Propylthiouracil
7
Q
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (Positive Coombs Test)
A
Penicillin
Methyldopa
Cephalosporins
8
Q
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)
A
Allopurinol
Anticonvulsants
Antibiotics
Sulfa drugs
9
Q
Gray Baby Syndrome
A
Chloramphenicol
10
Q
Hemolysis in G6PD Deficiency
A
Isoniazid Sulfonamides Dapsone Primaquine Aspirin Ibuprofen Nitrofurantoin Fava beans Naphthalene
11
Q
Megaloblastic Anemia
A
Hydroxyurea
Phenytoin
Methotrexate
Sulfa drugs
12
Q
Thrombocytopenia
A
Indinavir Heparin Quinidine Ganciclovir Vancomycin Linezolid Abciximab Cimetidine
I Have Quickly Gotten Very Low Amounts
13
Q
Thrombotic complications
A
Combined oral contraceptives
Hormone replacement therapy
SERMs (eg, tamoxifen, raloxifene, clomiphene)
This side effect is mediated by increased estrogen level
14
Q
Dry Cough
A
ACE inhibitors
15
Q
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A
Methotrexate Nitrofurantoin Carmustine Bleomycin Busulfan Amiodarone
16
Q
Diarrhea
A
Acamprosate Antidiabetic agents (acarbose, metformin, pramlintide) Colchicine Cholinesterase inhibitors Lipid-lowering agents (eg, ezetimibe) Orlistat Niacin Macrolides (eg, erythromycin) SSRIs Chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., irinotecan, topotecan, erlotinib)
17
Q
Hepatic Necrosis
A
Halothane
Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom)
Valproic acid
Acetaminophen
18
Q
Hepatitis
A
Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Statins Fibrates
19
Q
Pancreatitis
A
Didanosine Corticosteroids Alcohol Valproic acid Azathioprine Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)
20
Q
Pill-Induced Esophagitis
A
Bisphosphonates Oral iron supplementation (eg, ferrous sulfate) NSAIDs Potassium chloride Tetracyclines
Caustic effect minimized with upright posture and adequate water ingestion.
21
Q
Pseudomembranous Colitis
A
Ampicillin Cephalosporins Clindamycin Fluoroquinolones PPIs
22
Q
Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis (jaundice)
A
Macrolides
23
Q
Adrenocortical Insufficiency
A
Corticosteroids (especially when discontinued suddenly after chronic intake)
24
Q
Diabetes Insipidus
A
Lithium
Demeclocycline
25
Hot Flashes
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (e.g., tamoxifen, raloxifene, clomiphene)
26
Hyperglycemia
```
Tacrolimus
Protease inhibitors
Niacin
HCTZ
Corticosteroids
```
27
Hyperprolactinemia
```
Typical antipsychotics (eg, haloperidol)
Atypical antipsychotics (especially risperidone and amisulpride)
Metoclopramide
Methyldopa
Reserpine
Verapamil
```
28
Hyperthyroidism
Amiodarone
Lithium
Iodine or other iodine-containing drugs
29
Hypothyroidism
Amiodarone
Sulfonamides
Lithium
30
SIADH
Carbamazepine
Cyclophosphamide
SSRIs
31
Drug Induce Lupus (DILE)
```
Methyldopa
Minocycline
Sulfa drugs
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide
Phenytoin
Etanercept
```
32
Fat Redistribution
Protease inhibitors
| Glucocorticoids
33
Gingival Hyperplasia
Cyclosporine
Ca2+ channel blockers
Phenytoin
34
Hyperuricemia (gout)
```
Pyrazinamide
Thiazides
Furosemide
Niacin
Cyclosporine
```
35
Myopathy
```
Statins
Fibrates
Niacin
Colchicine
Daptomycin
Hydroxychloroquine
Interferon-α
Penicillamine
Glucocorticoids
```
36
Osteoporosis
```
Corticosteroids
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
GnRH agonists
Aromatase inhibitors
Anticonvulsants
Heparin
PPIs
```
37
Photosensitivity
```
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Tetracyclines
Thiazides
5-FU
Fluoroquinolones
```
38
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Anti-epileptic drugs:
- Lamotrigine
- Carbamazepine
- Ethosuximide
- Phenytoin
- Phenobarbital
Allopurinol
Sulfa drugs
Penicillin
39
Teeth Discoloration
Tetracyclines
40
Tendon/Cartilage Damage
Fluoroquinolones
41
Fanconi Syndrome
```
Cisplatin
Ifosfamide
Expired tetracyclines
Tenofovir
Exposure to heavy metals (eg, Wilson disease)
```
42
Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide
Prevent by coadministering with mesna
43
Interstitial Nephritis
```
Diuretics (eg, furosemide)
NSAIDs
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Proton pump inhibitors
Rifampin
Sulfa drugs
```
44
Cinchonism
Quinidine
| Quinine
45
Parkinson-like Syndrome
Antipsychotics
Reserpine
Metoclopramide
46
Peripheral Neuropathy
```
lsoniazid
Phenytoin
Platinum agents (eg, cisplatin)
Vincristine
Paclitaxel
```
47
Pseudotumor Cerebri
Growth hormones
Tetracyclines
Chronic Vitamin A toxicity
Danazol
48
Seizures
```
Isoniazid (vitamin B6 deficiency)
Bupropion
Imipenem/cilastatin
Tramadol
Enflurane
```
49
Tardive Dyskinesia
Antipsychotics
Reserpine
Metoclopramide
50
Visual Disturbance
Topiramate (blurred vision/diplopia, haloes)
Digoxin (xanthopsia [yellow-tinged vision])
Isoniazid (optic neuropathy/color vision changes)
Vigabatrin (bilateral visual field defects)
PDE-5 inhibitors (cyanopsia; blue-tinged vision)
Hydroxychloroquine (visual acuity, visual field defects)
Ethambutol (color vision changes)
Carbamazepine (diplopia)
51
Antimuscarinic
Atropine
TCAs
H1-blockers
Antipsychotics
52
Disulfuram-like Reaction
```
1st-generation Sulfonylureas
Procarbazine
Some cephalosporins
Griseofulvin
Metronidazole
```
53
Nephrotoxicity
```
Loop diuretics
Aminoglycosides
Cisplatin
Vancomycin
Amphotericin B
```
Cisplatin toxicity may respond to amifostine.
54
Ototoxicity
```
Loop diuretics
Aminoglycosides
Cisplatin
Vancomycin
Amphotericin B
```
Cisplatin toxicity may respond to amifostine.
55
Mydriasis (increase pupil size)
- Anticholinergics (atropine, tropicamide, scopolamine)
- Antipsychotics (haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine)
- Antihistamines with anticholinergic activity (diphenhydramine, doxylamine, chlorpheniramine)
- Opioids with anticholinergic activity (meperidine)
- Antidepressants with anticholinergic activity (TCAs)
- Sympathomimetics (epinephrine, amphetamines, LSD, cocaine)
56
Miosis (decrease pupil size)
- Sympatholytics (eg, α2-agonist [clonidine, methyldopa])
- Opioids (heroin, morphine)
- Parasympathomimetics (pilocarpine, carbachol, organophosphates, physostigmine, echothiophate)
- α-blockers (tamsulosin, phenoxybenzamine)
57
Gynecomastia
- Antiandrogens (e.g., finasteride, bicalutamide, cyproterone acetate, flutamide)
- High-dose cimetidine (H2 receptor blocker)
- Ketoconazole
- Spironolactone
- Chemotherapy drugs (e.g., cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, bleomycin, cisplatin, vincristine) (may cause Leydig cell failure → ↓ testosterone production)
- Exogenous androgens and androgenic steroids (aromatase enzyme converts testosterone to estrogen. High levels of testosterone (e.g., in androgen misuse in athletes) can cause high levels of estrogen)
- Estrogen receptor stimulators (estrogens, digitalis compounds)
- Marijuana
- HAART drugs (The exact mechanism by which HAART causes gynecomastia is unknown. HAART can cause peripheral body fat redistribution, which may result in the increased aromatization of androgens to estrogens)
