SIDE EFFECTS Flashcards
Cutaneous Flushing
Vancomycin Adenosine Niacin Ca2+ channel blockers Echinocandins Nitrates
VANCEN
Coronary Vasospasm
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Sumatriptan
Ergot alkaloids
(CASE)
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Alcohol
Anthracycline (eg, doxorubicin, daunorubicin; prevent with dexrazoxane)
Trastuzumab
Torsade de Pointes
- AntiArrhythmics (class IA, III)
- AntiBiotics (eg, macrolides, fluoroquinolones)
- Anti“C”ychotics (especially ziprasidone, iloperidone, haloperidol, risperidone, thioridazine)
- AntiDepressants (eg, TCAs (e.g., nortriptyline, -amitriptyline))
- AntiEmetics (serotonin receptor antagonists antiemetics (e.g., ondansetron), metoclopramide)
- Azoles (eg, fluconazole)
- Antimalarials (e.g., artemether/lumefantrine, quinine, chloroquine)
- Methadone
- Electrolyte abnormalities (eg, hypomagnesemia)
- Antivirals (protease inhibitors (eg, saquinavir, atazanavir))
Agranulocytosis
Dapsone Clozapine Carbamazepine Propylthiouracil Methimazole Colchicine Ticlopidine Ganciclovir Chemotherapeutics
Drugs Can Cause Pretty Major Collapse To Granulocytes
Aplastic Anemia
Carbamazepine Methimazole NSAIDs Benzene Chloramphenicol Propylthiouracil
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (Positive Coombs Test)
Penicillin
Methyldopa
Cephalosporins
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)
Allopurinol
Anticonvulsants
Antibiotics
Sulfa drugs
Gray Baby Syndrome
Chloramphenicol
Hemolysis in G6PD Deficiency
Isoniazid Sulfonamides Dapsone Primaquine Aspirin Ibuprofen Nitrofurantoin Fava beans Naphthalene
Megaloblastic Anemia
Hydroxyurea
Phenytoin
Methotrexate
Sulfa drugs
Thrombocytopenia
Indinavir Heparin Quinidine Ganciclovir Vancomycin Linezolid Abciximab Cimetidine
I Have Quickly Gotten Very Low Amounts
Thrombotic complications
Combined oral contraceptives
Hormone replacement therapy
SERMs (eg, tamoxifen, raloxifene, clomiphene)
This side effect is mediated by increased estrogen level
Dry Cough
ACE inhibitors
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Methotrexate Nitrofurantoin Carmustine Bleomycin Busulfan Amiodarone
Diarrhea
Acamprosate Antidiabetic agents (acarbose, metformin, pramlintide) Colchicine Cholinesterase inhibitors Lipid-lowering agents (eg, ezetimibe) Orlistat Niacin Macrolides (eg, erythromycin) SSRIs Chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., irinotecan, topotecan, erlotinib)
Hepatic Necrosis
Halothane
Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom)
Valproic acid
Acetaminophen
Hepatitis
Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Statins Fibrates
Pancreatitis
Didanosine Corticosteroids Alcohol Valproic acid Azathioprine Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)
Pill-Induced Esophagitis
Bisphosphonates Oral iron supplementation (eg, ferrous sulfate) NSAIDs Potassium chloride Tetracyclines
Caustic effect minimized with upright posture and adequate water ingestion.
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Ampicillin Cephalosporins Clindamycin Fluoroquinolones PPIs
Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis (jaundice)
Macrolides
Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Corticosteroids (especially when discontinued suddenly after chronic intake)
Diabetes Insipidus
Lithium
Demeclocycline
Hot Flashes
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (e.g., tamoxifen, raloxifene, clomiphene)
Hyperglycemia
Tacrolimus Protease inhibitors Niacin HCTZ Corticosteroids
Hyperprolactinemia
Typical antipsychotics (eg, haloperidol) Atypical antipsychotics (especially risperidone and amisulpride) Metoclopramide Methyldopa Reserpine Verapamil
Hyperthyroidism
Amiodarone
Lithium
Iodine or other iodine-containing drugs
Hypothyroidism
Amiodarone
Sulfonamides
Lithium
SIADH
Carbamazepine
Cyclophosphamide
SSRIs
Drug Induce Lupus (DILE)
Methyldopa Minocycline Sulfa drugs Hydralazine Isoniazid Procainamide Phenytoin Etanercept
Fat Redistribution
Protease inhibitors
Glucocorticoids
Gingival Hyperplasia
Cyclosporine
Ca2+ channel blockers
Phenytoin
Hyperuricemia (gout)
Pyrazinamide Thiazides Furosemide Niacin Cyclosporine
Myopathy
Statins Fibrates Niacin Colchicine Daptomycin Hydroxychloroquine Interferon-α Penicillamine Glucocorticoids
Osteoporosis
Corticosteroids Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate GnRH agonists Aromatase inhibitors Anticonvulsants Heparin PPIs
Photosensitivity
Sulfonamides Amiodarone Tetracyclines Thiazides 5-FU Fluoroquinolones
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Anti-epileptic drugs:
- Lamotrigine
- Carbamazepine
- Ethosuximide
- Phenytoin
- Phenobarbital
Allopurinol
Sulfa drugs
Penicillin
Teeth Discoloration
Tetracyclines
Tendon/Cartilage Damage
Fluoroquinolones
Fanconi Syndrome
Cisplatin Ifosfamide Expired tetracyclines Tenofovir Exposure to heavy metals (eg, Wilson disease)
Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide
Prevent by coadministering with mesna
Interstitial Nephritis
Diuretics (eg, furosemide) NSAIDs Penicillins Cephalosporins Proton pump inhibitors Rifampin Sulfa drugs
Cinchonism
Quinidine
Quinine
Parkinson-like Syndrome
Antipsychotics
Reserpine
Metoclopramide
Peripheral Neuropathy
lsoniazid Phenytoin Platinum agents (eg, cisplatin) Vincristine Paclitaxel
Pseudotumor Cerebri
Growth hormones
Tetracyclines
Chronic Vitamin A toxicity
Danazol
Seizures
Isoniazid (vitamin B6 deficiency) Bupropion Imipenem/cilastatin Tramadol Enflurane
Tardive Dyskinesia
Antipsychotics
Reserpine
Metoclopramide
Visual Disturbance
Topiramate (blurred vision/diplopia, haloes)
Digoxin (xanthopsia [yellow-tinged vision])
Isoniazid (optic neuropathy/color vision changes)
Vigabatrin (bilateral visual field defects)
PDE-5 inhibitors (cyanopsia; blue-tinged vision)
Hydroxychloroquine (visual acuity, visual field defects)
Ethambutol (color vision changes)
Carbamazepine (diplopia)
Antimuscarinic
Atropine
TCAs
H1-blockers
Antipsychotics
Disulfuram-like Reaction
1st-generation Sulfonylureas Procarbazine Some cephalosporins Griseofulvin Metronidazole
Nephrotoxicity
Loop diuretics Aminoglycosides Cisplatin Vancomycin Amphotericin B
Cisplatin toxicity may respond to amifostine.
Ototoxicity
Loop diuretics Aminoglycosides Cisplatin Vancomycin Amphotericin B
Cisplatin toxicity may respond to amifostine.
Mydriasis (increase pupil size)
- Anticholinergics (atropine, tropicamide, scopolamine)
- Antipsychotics (haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine)
- Antihistamines with anticholinergic activity (diphenhydramine, doxylamine, chlorpheniramine)
- Opioids with anticholinergic activity (meperidine)
- Antidepressants with anticholinergic activity (TCAs)
- Sympathomimetics (epinephrine, amphetamines, LSD, cocaine)
Miosis (decrease pupil size)
- Sympatholytics (eg, α2-agonist [clonidine, methyldopa])
- Opioids (heroin, morphine)
- Parasympathomimetics (pilocarpine, carbachol, organophosphates, physostigmine, echothiophate)
- α-blockers (tamsulosin, phenoxybenzamine)
Gynecomastia
- Antiandrogens (e.g., finasteride, bicalutamide, cyproterone acetate, flutamide)
- High-dose cimetidine (H2 receptor blocker)
- Ketoconazole
- Spironolactone
- Chemotherapy drugs (e.g., cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, bleomycin, cisplatin, vincristine) (may cause Leydig cell failure → ↓ testosterone production)
- Exogenous androgens and androgenic steroids (aromatase enzyme converts testosterone to estrogen. High levels of testosterone (e.g., in androgen misuse in athletes) can cause high levels of estrogen)
- Estrogen receptor stimulators (estrogens, digitalis compounds)
- Marijuana
- HAART drugs (The exact mechanism by which HAART causes gynecomastia is unknown. HAART can cause peripheral body fat redistribution, which may result in the increased aromatization of androgens to estrogens)
