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side effects Flashcards

1
Q

anti cholinergic i.e. antimuscarinic side effects

A 
dry eyes, blurred vision
dry mouth
constipation, urinary retention 
dilated pupils
flushed skin
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2
Q

patient with dry eyes/mouth, dilated pupils

A 
TCA, 
H1R (chlorphenamine, PROMETHAZINE), 
hyoscine, 
atropine, 
antipsychotics (olanzapine, clozapine, chlorpromazine),
Oxybutinin
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3
Q

Chlorpromazine side effect?

A

weight gain
sedation
also with TCA and other antihistamines and antipsychotics
CHLORPROMAZINE - CHOLESTATIC JAUNDICE

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4
Q

alpha blockers side effects

A

postural hypotension
sexual dysfunction
nasal congestion
headache

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5
Q

anti-dopaminergic side effects e.g. metoclopramide

A

extra pyramidal - tardive dyskinesia and parkinsons
hyperprolactinarmia - oligomennhora
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
oculogyric crisis

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6
Q

rifampicin side effects

A

orange urine and tears HEPATITIS

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7
Q

isoniazid side effects

A

peripheral neuropathy HEPATITIS

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8
Q

ethambutol side effects

A

optic neuritis HEPATITIS

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9
Q

phenytoin side effects

A 
hepatotoxic
coarse facial features
acne 
cerebellar syndrome 
hirsutism 
gum hyperplasia 
CHACHG
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10
Q

carbamazepine side effects

A

SIADH hyponatraemia, rash, dizzy

hair thinning

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11
Q

sodium valproate side effects

A

tremor
weight gain
hair thinning

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12
Q

lamotrigine side effects

A

SJS, safe in pregnancy

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13
Q

SSRI side effects

A 
serotonin syndrome - everything runs - tears, sweat, urine, diarrhoea 
nausea
low libido
insomnia
hyponatraemia
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14
Q

TCA side effects

A 
anticholinergic 
anti-alpha adrenergic
anti - histaminic 
SIADH
arrythmia
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15
Q

MOA inhibitors side effects e.g. seleginine

A

Hypertension
Hyperthermia
Hepatocellular jaundice
esp with cheese

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16
Q

ACE inhibitor side effects

A

dry cough
renal impairment
hyperkalaemia
POSTURAL HYPOTENSION
must start at night to avoid hypotension problems
angioedema of the tongue may take few weeks to show

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17
Q

causes of postural hypotension

A

tacrolimus
ACEis
anti alpha adrenergic
levodopa

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18
Q

CCB side effects

A

flushing
oedema of hands and feet
headache
dizziness

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19
Q

B Blocker side effects

A 
BRONCHOSPASM
B1 blockers - cold hands and feet, fatigue 
bradycardia
impotence
CENTRAL SYMPTOMS - sleep disturbance 
diabetes risk?
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20
Q

Beta blockers for heart failure?

A

Beta-blockers licensed to treat heart failure in the UK include bisoprolol, carvedilol, and nebivolol.

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21
Q

diuretics side effects?

A

hypotension, dehydration
REDUCED K, Mg, Na
Increased Urea

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22
Q

Loop diuretics side effects?

A

hypocalcaemia

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23
Q

potassium sparing diuretics side effects?

A

hyperkalaemia, gynaecomastia

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24
Q

causes of gynaecomastia?

A 
DISCO MTV
Digoxin
Isoniazid
Spirinolactone 
Cimetidine
Oestrogen
Methyldopa/metronidazole
TCA
Verapamil
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25
Q

Sulphasalazine side effects?

A 
myelosuppression
oligospermia
hepatitis 
SJS/erythema nodosum
renal failure
urine coloured, tears coloured and contacts stained 
lung fibrosis
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26
Q

Methotrexate side effects

A 
myelosuppression 
hepatotoxic
pneumonitis/fibrosis 
muscositis = GI and oral inflammation
renal failure
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27
Q

Chloroquine side effects

A

Bulls eye retinopathy
tinnitus
myopathy

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28
Q

Penicillamine side effects

A

Nephritis

Triggers myasthenia

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29
Q

TNF alpha blockers side effects

A

reactivate TB
infusion reactions (anaphylaxis)
autoimmune reactions
dyscrasia

30
Q

Cyclophosphamide side effects

A

haemorrhagic cystitis
myelosuppression
alopecia

31
Q

Insulin side effects

A

lipohypertrophy
hypos
hypokalaemia
weight gain

32
Q

metformin side effects

A 
lactic acidosis 
weight loss 
Don't commence with GFR <30
metallic taste
GI disturbance
B12 deficiency
33
Q

Gliclazide (sulphonylurea) side effects

A

hypoglycaemia

weight gain

34
Q

Pioglitazone side effects

A

fluid retention leading to heart failure
fractures
hepatotoxic

35
Q

Gliptin side effects

A

pancreatitis

36
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors flozin side effects?

A 
constipation
UTI/thrush
Amputations 
ketoacidosis 
hypotension
hypoglycaemia
37
Q

Agranulocytosis

A 
Carbemazepine 
Colchicine
Clozpaine 
Carbimazole
Cytotoxic agents
38
Q

SJS causes?

A 
sulphonylurea
sulphonamides
anti-epileptics - phenytoin 
allopurinol
chloroquines 
mycoplasma 
NSAIDs
39
Q

Toxic epidermal necrolysis causes?

A 
sulphonamide
barbirturates 
carbamazepine
penicillin
NSAIDS
phenytoin
40
Q

Gum hypertrophy causes

A

ciclosporin
phenytoin
CCBs

41
Q

STEROID side effects

A 
Stomach ulcers
Thin skin
Edema
Right and left heart failure
Osteoporosis
Immunosuppression
Diabetes and hyperglycaemia
Syndrome Cushings
42
Q

Causes of Avascular necrosis of hip?

A

long term steroids
chemotherapy
trauma
alcohol excess

43
Q

Haloperidol side effects

A

prolonged QT, temperature derangement

44
Q

Mild lithium toxicity

A

tremor, dysarthria

45
Q

Moderate lithium toxicity

A

lethargy

46
Q

Severe lithium toxicity

A

arrhythmias, seizures, coma and renal failure.

47
Q

organophosphate toxicity

A

increased parasympathetic activity as the acetylcholinesterase inhibited

48
Q

lithium side effects

A

hypothyroidism
diabetes insipidus
diarrhoea

49
Q

steroid cognitive side effects

A

psychosis and cognitive impairment in elderly

50
Q

ciclosporin side effects

A 
tremor
interstitial nephritis
hypertrichosis 
gum hyperplasia 
burning in hands and feet
51
Q

what to advise people taking ciclosporin and tacrolimus

A

avoid UV light

52
Q

levodopa side effects

A

red urine
postural hypotension
dyskinesia
on/off effects

53
Q

PPI side effects

A

tinnitus

hyponatraemia and hypomagnesaemia

54
Q

Amiodarone side effects

A 
thyroiditis 
pulm fibrosis
peripheral neuropathy
slate grey skin 
myopathy
55
Q

Digoxin toxicity

A

xanthopsia

arrythmia

56
Q

drug causes of cholestasis

A 
co-amoxiclav
chlorpromazine
carbamazepine 
clarythromicin
contraceptives
fluCoxacillin
sulphonylurea/sulphonamides
57
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A 
BDAMNS
Bleomycin 
Digoxin 
Amiodarone 
Methotrexate
Nitrofurantoin 
Sulfasalazine
58
Q

neuropathy causes

A

MVP CLAN
Antibiotics - metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, isoniazid
Cancer - vincristine, cisplatin
amiodarone, phenytoin

59
Q

raised creatinine causes

A

trimethoprim

cimetidine/ranitidine

60
Q

hypothyroidism causes

A

Amiodarone
Lithium
PTU/radioiodine
Carmbimazole

61
Q

hypercalcaemia

A

thiazide diureteics

lithium

62
Q

hyperkalaemia

A 
ACEinhibitors
K sparing diuretics 
NSAIDs
trimethoprim
tacrolimus/ciclosporin
heparin
63
Q

hypocalcaemia

A

loop diuretics
bisphosphonates
phenytoin

64
Q

hyponatraemia

A 
PPI 
SSRI
Dirutetics 
Ace inhibitors 
Chlorpromazine
Carbemazepine
65
Q

Macrocytic anaemia causes

A

Folate synthesis blockers - methotrexate, trimethoprim, sulphonamides
B12 deficiency causes - metformin
Alcohol
Sodium valproate, phenytoin, antidepressants

66
Q

Enzyme inducers

A 
PC BRAS +st johns wort 
Phenytoin 
Carbemazepine 
Barbiturates 
Rifampicin 
Alcohol acute
SulphonylUreas (inducer)
67
Q

Enzyme inhibitors

A 
AO DEVICES +grapefruit 
Allopurinol
Omeprazole
Disulfiram
Ethanol acute
Valproate
Isoniazid 
Ciprofloxacine 
Erythromycin 
Sulphonamide
68
Q

Drugs affected by CYP450 enzymes

A 
COW PATS 
Carbemazepine, Ciclosporin, Citalopram
Oral contraceptives 
Warfarin
Phenytoin 
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors 
Theophylline 
Statin, steroids
69
Q

protein bound drugs

A 
protein bound drugs normally fight when available space is sparse 
Phenytoin 
BZB
Digoxin
NSAIDs
Furosemide
Warfarin 
Amiodarone
Sulfonylura/sulphonamide
Statin
70
Q

drugs to avoid in asthma

A

NSAIDs
beta-blockers
adenosine

71
Q

drugs causing heart failure

A 
nsaids
steroids 
CCBs
pioglitiazone
flecainide
72
Q

drugs causing ankle swelling

A

CCBs

naproxen

drug side effects (1 decks)

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