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Drugs > Side effects > Flashcards

Side effects Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins

A

GI upset, C-diff due to broad action

10% have allergic reaction

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2
Q

Cephalosporins

A

GI upset, C-diff risk + risk of CNS toxicity and seizures

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3
Q

Trimethoprim

A

GI upset, rare hypersensitivity reactions
Can impair haematopoiesis - haematological disorders
Hyperkalaemia and raised plasma creatinine

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4
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

GI upset, rare hypersensitivity reactions
Turns urine dark yellow/brown
Rare chronic pulmonary reactions, hepatitis and peripheral neuropathy
Neonates - haemolytic anaemia

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5
Q

Tetracyclines

A

GI upset, but amongst lowest risk for C-diff

Oesophageal irritation, ulceration, dysphagia, photosensitivity, tooth enamel discolouration

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6
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity as they accumulate in renal tubular epithelial cells and cochlear/vestibular hari cells

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7
Q

Macrolides

A

GI upset when oral and thrombophlebitis when IV

Allergy, C-diff, QT prolongation and ototxicity

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8
Q

Quinolones

A

Generally well tolerated - GI upset and some delayed hypersensitivity reactions
Can have neurological effects, rupture muscle tendons, and prolong QT interval

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9
Q

Metronidazole

A

GI upset, hypersensitivity

At high doses - neuro effects, peripheral and optic neuropathy, seizures and encephalopathy

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10
Q

Glycopeptides

A

Thrombophlebitis, severe anaphylactoid reactions (Red man syndrome - due to non-specific degranulation of mast cells)

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11
Q

NSAIDs

A

GI toxicity, Renal Impairment, CV events, hypersensitivity and fluid retention

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12
Q

Codiene

A

Nausea, Constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, neurological and respiratory depression in overdose

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13
Q

Morphine

A

High dose = Resp and neuro depression, euphoria and detachment
Pupillary restriction, constipation,
Itching, urticaria, vasodilation and sweating - histamine release

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14
Q

Paracetamol

A

Generally very safe - lack of COX1 inhibition means no ulcers, RI or CV events

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15
Q

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors

A

Generally well tolerated but a skin rash could indicate a hypersensitivity reaction such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome

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16
Q

Alpha-Blockers

A

Postural Hypotension, dizziness and syncope

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17
Q

5-alpha-reductase Inhibitors

A

Anti-androgen effect can cause impotence, reduced libido, breast tenderness, hair growth - breast cancer reported

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18
Q

L-dopa

A

Any dopaminergic drug can cause drowsiness, nausea, confusion, hallucinations and hypotension

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19
Q

Phenytoin

A

Long term - skin coarsening, acne, hirsutism and gum hypertrophy
Dose related cerebellar toxicity and impaired cognition

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20
Q

Carbemazepine

A

GI upset, neurological effects, oedema and hyponatraemia

Antiepileptic hypersensitivity syndrome - Stevens Johnson syndrome

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21
Q

Sodium Valproate

A

GI upset, neurological/psychiatric effects, thrombocytopenia and increase in liver enzymes

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22
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Antiepileptic hypersensitivity syndrome

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23
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Nasopharyngitis, somnolence (Sleepiness), headache, fatigue and dizziness

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24
Q

Tricyclics

A

Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision - muscarinic
Sedation and hypotension - H1 and a1 receptors
Arrythmias and ECG changes

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25
Q

SSRI’s

A

GI upset, appetite and weight disturbance, hypersensitivity and hyponatraemia
Can increase suicidal thoughts and behaviours
Serotonin syndrome - triad of autonomic hyperactivity, altered mental state and neuromuscular excitation

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26
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Drowsiness, sedation and coma
Loss of airway reflexes
Withdrawal symptoms when stopped

27
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

Diarrhoea, muscle cramps, fatigue, nausea, vomiting and insomnia

28
Q

Antacids

A

Diarrhoea + Constipation

29
Q

H2 antagonists

A

Bowel disturbance, headaches and dizziness

30
Q

PPI

A

GI disturbance and headaches, can reduce barrier against C-diff

31
Q

Loperamide

A

Constipation

32
Q

Laxatives

A

Abdo pain/cramps and diarrhoea

33
Q

Aminosalicylates

A

GI upset and headache, can cause rare but serious blood disorders - leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and renal impairment

34
Q

Antiemetics

A

Diarrhoea and can be extra-pyramidal symptoms

35
Q

Loop diuretics

A

Dehydration, hypotension, loss of Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca

36
Q

Thiazide Diuretics

A

Hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia

37
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics

A

Hyperkalaemia - muscle weakness, cardiac dysrhythmias

Gynaecomastia, liver impairent, jaundice and Stevens Johnson Syndrome

38
Q

Beta-blockers

A

Fatigue, cold extremities, headache and GI disturbance

Bronchoconstriction

39
Q

Calcium Blockers

A

Ankle swelling, flushing, headache, palpitations

40
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

Hypotension, cough, hyperkalaemia

41
Q

AT1 Blockers

A

Hypotension, hyperkalaemia, renal failure

42
Q

Nitrates

A

Flushing, headaches, light-headedness and hypotension

43
Q

Cardiac Glycosides

A

Bradycardia, GI disturbance, rash, dizziness, visual disturbance
Low Therapeutic Range

44
Q

Amiodarone

A

Few side effects acutely - hypotension during infusion

Chronically - Pneumonitis, bradycardia, AV block, hepatitis, photosensitivity and greying of skin

45
Q

Aspirin

A

GI irritation, hypersensitivity reactions (bronchospasm), tinnitus

46
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Bleeding, GI upset, rare = thrombocytopenia

47
Q

Heparin

A

Bleeding and rarely thrombocytopenia

48
Q

NOACs

A

Bleeding, back pain, dizziness, headache, menorrhagia,

49
Q

Warfarin

A

Bleeding

50
Q

Statins

A

Generally safe - headaches, GI upset or myopathy/ rhabdomyolosis

51
Q

Beta-2-agonists

A

Tachycardia, palpitations, anxiety, tremor

Promote glycogenolysis - hyperglycaemia

52
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Dry mouth

53
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Increased catabolism can lead to proximal muscle wasting and skin thinning
Mood and behaivour changes, hypertension, hypokalaemia, oedema

54
Q

Mucolytics

A

Anaphylaxis, allergic rashes and GI bleeding

55
Q

Theophylline

A

Nausea, GI upset, Palpitations, Tachycardia, Arrythmias, Convulsions and headaches

56
Q

Insulin

A

Hypoglycaemia - coma and death

57
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Weight gain due to anabolic nature of insulin which can lead to greater resistance
GI upset, hypoglycaemia, rare hypersensitivity reactions

58
Q

Biguanides

A

Reduces weight gain

GI upset, lactic acidosis is rare,

59
Q

Thyroxine

A

Similar effects to hyperthyroidism

Can precipitate cardiac ischaemia in those with coronary artery disease as increases HR and metabolism

60
Q

Carbimazole

A

Nausea, headache arthralgia, GI upset, skin rashes, taste disturbance, fever, malaise

61
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

Oesophagitis, hypophosphataemia, rare - osteonecrosis of the jaw

62
Q

Calcium and Vit D

A

Oral calcium - dyspepsia and constipation

IV - Cardiovascular collapse if given too fast

63
Q

Mineralicorticoids

A

Water retention, hypertension, hypokalaemia, weak bones, stomach ulcers, slow wound healing, thin skin, headaches and trouble sleeping

Drugs (5 decks)

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