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Peds Exam 3 > SI Dysfunction > Flashcards

SI Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of sensory integration?

A

organization of sensory input for use

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2
Q

what is sensory integration a foundation for?

A

adaptive responses to challenges of the environment and learning

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3
Q

what else is sensory integration a foundation for?

A

meaningful and purposeful participation in daily activities

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4
Q

Sensory integration is the ___________ interaction between __________ and ___________

A

dynamic; abilities and environment

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5
Q

what are considered “intrinsic abilities”

A

proprioception, vestibular, vision, and auditory …. but they rely primarily on environment

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6
Q

what is “set point”

A

point at which the child begins to perceive sensory input and is able to organize it to produce an appropriate adaptive response

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7
Q

what does it mean if a child has a HIGH set point

A

they will be hypo-responsive to stimuli

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8
Q

what should you consider when thinking about how the CNS differentiates between input that is related and non-related?

A

set point, internal and external feedback

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9
Q

when feedback to be processed is increased in frequency and variety, what happens?

A

more difficult the adaptive response is to organize.

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10
Q

what is the ability to organize and use sensory info?

A

sensory integration

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11
Q

why is sensory input important?

A
  1. gives info on environment, 2. motor learning purposes, 3. body scheme, 4. sensory experience for new posture, 5. stimuli changes the context of the movement
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12
Q

what happens if there is a lack of sensory input?

A

child is unable to read the environment

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13
Q

what is critical for motor learning?

A

assimilation of information to accommodate new ways of movement

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14
Q

what should a PT consider before giving sensory input?

A

environment and the analysis of movement

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15
Q

what are the proximal senses?

A

proprioception, vestibular, and tactile

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16
Q

what are the distal senses?

A

vision and hearing

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17
Q

what is the definition of adaptive response?

A

sensory integration is functioning properly and the child organizes a successful, goal-oriented action on the environemtn

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18
Q

sensory integration leads to _________ __________, which in turn results in __________________________.

A

adaptive responses; sensory integration that is more efficient.

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19
Q

what is it called when the child makes an adaptive response and change occurs at the neuronal synaptic level?

A

neural plasticity

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20
Q

Development of SI occurs as:

A

CNS organizes sensory info and adaptive responses with increasing degrees of complexity

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21
Q

what is the first known response to vestibular input?

A

Moro reflex that appears at 9 weeks postconception

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22
Q

what plays an important role in fostering feelings security in the infant?

A

tactile sensation

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23
Q

________ system is fully functional at birth, while the _________ and __________ systems refine throughout childhood

A

vestibular; visual and proprioceptive

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24
Q

when do babies start developing vestibular-proprioceptive-visual connections?

A

first 6 months of life – developing postural control

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25
Q

when does tactile perception become further refined and play a role in the child’s developing hand skills?

A

6-12 months

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26
Q

does sensory integration disorder refer to one particular type of problem or more than one?

A

more than one… its a heterogeneous group of disorders

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27
Q

what are the two ends of the spectrum for the SID

A
  1. hyper and 2. hypo
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28
Q

what is sensory defensiveness

A

child is overwhelmed by ordinary sensory input and reacts defensively to it (negative with activation of sympathetic nervous system)

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29
Q

what is tactile defensiveness

A

overreaction to ordinary touch sensations… experience irritation and discomfort

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30
Q

what is gravitational insecurity?

A

hyperresponsivity to vestibular sensations… excessive fear during ordinary movement activities

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31
Q

what is sensory discrimination and perception?

A

allow for refined organization and interpretation of sensory stimuli

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32
Q

children that have proprioception problems appear:

A

clumsy, distracted, and awkward

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33
Q

what is praxia?

A

ability to conceptualize, plan, and execute a non-habitual motor act

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34
Q

what is somatodyspraxia

A

sensory integrative deficit that involves poor praxis and impaired tactile and proprioceptive processing

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35
Q

what is spacial visualization?

A

motor-free visual space perception; mental manipulation of objects

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36
Q

what is an in-depth definition of sensory integration?

A

ability to organize and process information from the environment and body to produce an adaptive, goal oriented resposne

37
Q

what are the most important senses in the first 5 years of life?

A

tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive

38
Q

what are some outcomes of effective sensory integration? (7)

A

motor planning (praxis), balance, bilateral coordination, postural stability, body schema, self-image and hand-eye coordination

39
Q

what standardized measure is commonly used with sensory integration?

A

BOT 2

40
Q

what are movement disorders associated with children that have SI dysfunction? (7)

A

poor postural control, rotation, movement against gravity, co-contration, WBing and WS, in-hand manipulation/grasp and oral motor

41
Q

what are some SI problems in children with neuromotor disorders?

A

poor proprioceptive feedback, unable to make postural adjustments, asymmetries with bilateral coordination, and tactile problems (defensiveness, discrimination, and hyporesponsiveness)

42
Q

what are some SI problems in children with neuromotor disorders? (cont)

A

vestibular problems, praxis deficits, and alertness/arousal

43
Q

when providing sensory stimulation, a PT must remember that SI is ____________ and ____________.

A

cumulative (augmented) and delayed (latent)

44
Q

what are types of sensory stimuli?

A

vestibular, proprioceptive, tactile, vision, auditory, and gustatory

45
Q

what are the channels of delivery?

A

no system is inherently facilitative or inhibitive

46
Q

what are different ways to vary stimuli?

A

slow, rhythmical, repetitive, continuous, quick and brief

47
Q

why is position important for intervention?

A

gravity

48
Q

what are some questions you would ask a parent of a 0-12 mon old?

A

is the baby irritable? do they put toys in their mouth? what are the sleep patterns? does the infant like to be held?

49
Q

what are some questions you would ask a parent of a 12-18 mon old?

A

do they explore new textures, finger food? do they follow directions? is the child stuck in certain types of play?

50
Q

what are some questions you would ask a parents of a 18 mon - 3 year old?

A

is there a change in activity play that is age-appropriate?
is there an excessive need to move?
do they explore new toys, play environments?
can they remained focused on a task?
are they comfortable trying new things?

51
Q

How to assess the patient’s sensory response (4)

A
  1. motor output
  2. autonomic response
  3. emotional response
  4. postural resonse
52
Q

how do you choose sensory stimulation for treatment?

A
  1. naturally occurring in everyday experiences
  2. use stimuli that patient has to respond to outside of tx
  3. appropriate for activity and muscle group stimulated
  4. vestibular stimulation to elicit automatic postural adjustments
53
Q

what are things you should consider when choosing sensory stimulation treatments?

A

muscle tone; preferred sensory input; inappropriate interpretation of sensory stimuli; overstimulation; comfort level may change day to day

54
Q

what are some things you need to look for when applying sensory stimulation?

A

adaptive responses (then decrease input) -

55
Q

what can you assume if the child demonstrates an adaptive response to sensory stimulation?

A

info is being checked, sorted, and selected to produce new, well integrated motor experience

56
Q

usually, you would begin with:

A

what the child needs - usually proprioceptive first

57
Q

what are the types of sensory stimuli?

A

proprioceptive, tactile, vestibular, auditory, and visual

58
Q

what are types of proprioceptive input?

A

quick stretch, vibration, joint approximation, joint compression/traction, and guidance assistance/resistance

59
Q

what are types of tactile input?

A

tactile defensiveness

60
Q

what are types of vestibular input?

A

used to arouse postural extensors and increase or decrease level of alertness – rapid, irregular movements

61
Q

what pattern should you apply vestibular input?

A

AP, lateral, circular, rotational

62
Q

what are types of auditory input?

A

dependent on verbal feedback, change in tone/volume/rate or rhythm if child startles

63
Q

what are types of visual input?

A

contrasts, lights, mirrors

64
Q

what are characteristics of treatment procedures? (5)

A

active participation of child, child directed, individualized treatment, purposeful activity, and need for adaptive response

65
Q

what are the levels of adaptive responses?

A

response to passive stimuli, hold on and stay, alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles, move I through environment, and complete a complicated activity

66
Q

activities should include: (3)

A

proprioceptive, vestibular, and tactile input

67
Q

input varies based on:

A

child’s response

68
Q

What are some behavioral considerations?

A

protect child’s self-esteem, let child avoid tasks that are threatening to him/her, positive and negative consequences to motivate, and identify end product for the child

69
Q

what is considered part of the therapist’s responsibility?

A

choose skill, modify environment

70
Q

what are considerations when modifying an environment for treatment?

A 
sensory system to help increase/decrease arousal
provide visual and auditory assistance
structure room to provide limitations
model as needed
spontaneous movement
real life situations
71
Q

what is involved with learning?

A

retention, carryover, and limited feedback

72
Q

what is involved with performance?

A

not permanent, requires a lot of feedback, and dependent on environmental feedback

73
Q

what are some initial activities?

A

consider vestibular system (increase or decrease arousal)

74
Q

what are some alertness or arousal activities

A

rolling, rocking, running, riding a trike, spinning, sliding, swinging, and scooter board

75
Q

for A and A, what are some proprioceptive inputs?

A

chewing and pressure

76
Q

what are some techniques a PT can use for pressure?

A

top of head/shoulder, tapping ball held between hands/feet, kicking large ball, pushing large ball against resistance

77
Q

how could you incorporate vestibular activities into child’s classroom?

A

rocking chair, computer chair, slanted inflatable cushion, rolling stool, and increase mobility throughout the day

78
Q

what are ways to increase proprioceptive input?

A

weighted vests/ neoprene vests, massagers, weighted shoes, back packs and theraband around chair
sandbags in lap, tactile blankets, weighted pencils, orthotics, compression, skates

79
Q

ways to increase tactile input?

A

use proprioceptive input to override tactile defensiveness

80
Q

how can you use proprioceptive input to over-ride tactile defensiveness

A

pressure on top of head when combing, brushing, vibration, pressure on hands when nail clipping, chewing gum, pacifiers, textured surfaces, trapeze

81
Q

how would you increase visual input?

A

mirrors, model behavior, shading, templates, increase lighting, designate environmental boundaries

82
Q

how would you decrease visual input?

A

lower lighting = natural lighting, decrease visual distraction, eliminate art from ceiling, restrict visual area

83
Q

how would you increase auditory input?

A

headphones, timers, metronome, clapping, singing, and sit close to teacher

84
Q

how would you decrease auditory input?

A

headphones to muffle sound, caps, ear plugs, limited verbal input, and give more time for child to respond

85
Q

how could you help with olfactory?

A

perfumes, air fresheners, food, alcohol, vinegar, cinnamon

86
Q

what are total body patterns (flexion)

A

curling up, sitting and holding against resistance, T-stool, and scooter board

87
Q

what are total body patterns (extension)

A

wheelbarrows, scooter boards, kneeling activities, and half kneeling

88
Q

what are total body patterns (rotation)

A

rolling up inclines, sitting on a ball, kneeling to side sit transition, and all 4s to sitting and reverse

89
Q

what are receipt and propulsion activities?

A

weight objects (move slower) – bean bag, punching bag, milk jug filled with water, volleyball and forward pass

Peds Exam 3 (1 decks)

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