Shoulder ST

Question 1

What is the SAPS Cluster?

Answer 1

It is a combination of 3 positive tests (out of 5) that increase the likelihood of subacromial impingement syndrome. The tests are:

Painful Arc
Hawkin’s Kennedy
Resisted External Rotation
Neer’s Test
Empty Can Test

Question 2

What does the Painful Arc Test assess?

Answer 2

Assesses for impingement.
Positive:
60°-120°: Pain indicates rotator cuff pathology (commonly supraspinatus tendinitis or impingement).

170°-180°: Pain suggests AC joint pathology, such as arthritis or impingement of the AC joint.

Question 3

What tendon does the Hawkin’s Kennedy Test assess for impingement?

Answer 3

It primarily assesses the supraspinatus tendon for impingement. Pain during internal rotation indicates possible impingement of the rotator cuff tendons, especially the supraspinatus.

Question 4

What does the Empty Can Test assess?

Answer 4

It assesses for weakness or pain in the supraspinatus tendon.
Positive: Pain or weakness with resisted downward force indicates a supraspinatus problem, commonly in impingement or rotator cuff injury.

Question 5

What does the Resisted External Rotation Test assess?

Answer 5

It assesses for impingement and weakness of the rotator cuff, especially the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
Positive: Pain or weakness during resisted external rotation indicates impingement.

Question 5

What does the Neer’s Test assess?

Answer 5

It assesses for impingement.
Positive:

Pain during forward flexion to 180° indicates compression of the rotator cuff tendons under the acromion.

Question 6

What tests can be done for Rotator Cuff Full Thickness tears?

Answer 6

• Drop Arm Test
• Belly Press
• Internal Rotation Lag Test

Question 7

What tests can be performed for Instability within the shoulder?

Answer 7

• Apprehension Test (anterior Instability)
• Anterior Release Test (Anterior Instability)
• Posterior Apprehension Test (Posterior Instability)

Question 8

What does Apprehension Test assess?

Answer 8

Assesses anterior instability. Positive sign: Pain or apprehension during external rotation, suggesting anterior instability or dislocation.

Question 9

What does Anterior Release Test assess?

Answer 9

Assesses anterior instability. Positive sign: Pain or apprehension upon sudden release of posterior pressure.

Question 10

What does Posterior Apprehension Test assess?

Answer 10

Assesses posterior instability. Positive sign: Apprehension or pain with posterior force, suggesting posterior instability

Question 11

What tests can be done to assess Bicipital Tendinopathy?

Answer 11

• Yergasons
• Speeds
• Upper Cut

Question 12

What does Yergason’s Test assess?

Answer 12

Bicipital tendinitis or biceps tendon rupture.
Positive Sign: Pain in the bicipital groove.

Question 13

What does Speed’s Test assess?

Answer 13

Bicipital tendinitis.
Positive Sign: Pain in the bicipital groove when flexing the shoulder.

Question 14

What does the Upper Cut Test assess?

Answer 14

Bicipital tendinopathy.
Positive Sign: Pain around the bicipital tendon.

Question 15

What tests can be performed for labral tears?

Answer 15

O’Brien’s
Crank
Clunk
Anterior Slide tests.

Question 16

What does O’Brien’s Test assess?

Answer 16

Labral tear (SLAP).
Positive Sign: Pain with internal rotation (thumb down) but not external rotation (thumb up).

Question 17

What does the Crank Test assess?

Answer 17

A: Labral tear.
Positive Sign: Clunk or pain when rotating the shoulder.

Question 18

What does the Clunk Test assess?

Answer 18

Labral tear or anterior instability.
Positive Sign: Clunk or grinding during shoulder movement.

Question 19

What does the Anterior Slide Test assess?

Answer 19

SLAP lesion.
Positive Sign: Pop/clunk and pain when pressure is applied to the elbow.

Question 20

What tests can be performed for subacromial bursitis?

Answer 20

Push Button Test
Dawbarn’s Test.

Question 21

What does the Push Button Test assess?

Answer 21

Subacromial bursitis.
Positive Sign: Pain decreases when the arm is passively flexed, as the bursa retracts under the acromion.

Question 22

What does Dawbarn’s Test assess?

Answer 22

Subacromial bursitis.
Positive Sign: Tenderness decreases as the arm is fully abducted, with the deltoid and acromion covering the bursa.