Shoulder Osteology

Question 1

Osteology of the Shoulder Complex

Answer 1

• Humerus
• Scapula
• Clavicle
• Sternum
• Ribcage
• (Vertebrae)

Question 2

Physiological movements at Glenohumeral Joint

Answer 2

FLEXION 0-180˚
EXTENSION 0-50°
ABDUCTION 0-180°
ADDUCTION 0 -10°
MEDIAL ROTATION 0-100°
LATERAL ROTATION 0-80°

Question 3

Humerus- Proximal

Answer 3

• Greater Tubercle (posterior/lateral)
• Lesser Tubercle (anterior/medial)
• Head – hyaline cartilage
• Anatomical neck
• Surgical neck (common place fracture)
• Deltoid tuberosity
• Intertubercular sulcus/Bicipital groove

Question 4

Transverse Humeral Ligament

(bone to bone on same bone)

Answer 4

• From Greater Tubercle >
  Lesser Tubercle
• Covers proximal
  intertubercular sulcus
  (bicipital groove)
• Long Head of Biceps
  (LHB) Tendon runs
  through the groove

Question 5

The Scapula

Answer 5

• Large flat triangular bone on
  the posterior aspect of the
  thorax
• Suspended in musculature
• Very mobile

Question 6

Bony Landmarks of the Scapula

Answer 6

• Acromion process
• Coracoid process (anterior)
• Spine of Scapula
• Inferior angle
• Superior angle
• Medial Border
• Lateral Border
• Glenoid cavity
• Supraspinous fossa
• Infraspinous fossa
• 2nd and 7th ribs (T2 → T7)

Question 7

Costal & Dorsal Surfaces of the Scapula

Answer 7

• The costal surface faces towards the ribs
• The dorsal surface faces posterolaterally

Question 8

Fossae of the
Scapula

Answer 8

see the powerpoint slide 13

Question 9

Borders of the scapula

Angles of the scapula

Answer 9

superior
medial
lateral

Superior Angle
Inferior Angle

Question 10

Spine of Scapula & Acromion

Answer 10

• Spine → Acromion Process
• The expanded lateral aspect of
  the spine of the scapula
• Angled at 90 degrees to the spine
  of the scapula
• The medial border of the
  acromion forms a facet for the
  articulation with the clavicle
  (acromioclavicular joint)

Question 11

The Coracoid
Process

Answer 11

• Hook-like projection
  from the head of the
  scapula
• Anterior
• The tip of the process
  lies beneath the middle
  and lateral thirds of the
  clavicle

Question 12

The Clavicle

Answer 12

• Acromial end
• Sternal end
• Acts a strut and
  swivels/rotates to allow arm
  movements

o Bilateral long bone
o Divided into medial 2/3 and lateral
1/3 where the bone changes
direction
o Has Subclavian groove on inferior
surface
o Trapezoid ridge and Conoid
Tubercle on inferior surface

Question 13

The sternum

Answer 13

• Flat bone
• Attachment for clavicle
• Articulates with ribs 1-7

Question 14

Three parts of the Sternum

Answer 14

• Manubrium
• Body
• Xiphoid Process