Shoulder OP Flashcards
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor
Subscapularis
Rotator cuff muscle
Origin = subscapular fossa
Insertion = lesser tubercle of humerus
Actions = internal rotation
Infraspinatus
Rotator cuff muscle
Origin = infraspinatus fossa of scapula
Insertion = greater tubercle of humerus
Actions = external rotation
Supraspinatous
Rotator cuff muscle
Origin = supraspinatus fossa of scapula
Insertion = greater tubercle
Actions = abduction
Teres Minor
Rotator cuff muscle
Origin = lateral border or scapula
Insertion = greater tubercle of humerus
Actions = lateral rotation, extension
Teres Major
NOT a rotator cuff muscle - deep to teres minor
Origin = lateral border of scapula at inferior angle
Insertion = bicipital groove of humerus
Actions = medial rotation, extension, adduction
Deltoid
Origin = distal clavicle, acromion process,
Insertion = deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Actions = abduction, extension, flexion, external rotation, internal rotation
Biceps Brachii
Origin = long head > supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Origin = short head > coracoid process of scapula
Insertion = radial tuberosity
Actions = flexion or arm and shoulder, supination
Brachialis
Origin = anterior shaft of humerus
Insertion = coronoid process of ulna
Actions = elbow flexion
Triceps Brachii
Antagonist to biceps brachii
Origin = long head > infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Origin = medial head > posterior medial humerus
Origin = lateral head > posterior lateral humerus
Insertion = olecranon process of ulna
Actions = extension of elbow and shoulder
Trapezius
Origin = nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T12, occipital bone
Insertion = clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula
Actions = elevation, adduction, retraction, upward rotation, depression
Levator Scapulae
Origin = transverse process of C1-C4
Insertion = superior medial border of scapula
Actions = elevation and downward rotation
Pectoralis Major
Origin = rib 2-5 or 3-5
Insertion = coracoid process of scapula
Actions = flexion of arm at shoulder, extension of flexed arm, medial rotation of humerus, adduction of humerus
Pectoralis Minor
Origin = medial clavicle and costal cartilages of rib 1-6
Insertion = bicipital groove of humerus
Actions = flexion of arm at shoulder, extension of flexed arm, medial rotation of humerus, adduction of humerus
AC ligament
Origin = anteromedial head of acromion
Insertion = lateral aspect of clavicle
GH ligament
Superior, middle, inferior
Origin = glenoid fossa
Insertion = neck of humerus
CHL
Origin = lateral aspect of base of coracoid process
Insertion = greater and lesser tubercles of humerus
CCL
Trapezius ligament
Origin = coracoid process
Insertion = 3cm from distal clavicle
Conoid ligament
Origin = coracoid process
Insertion = slightly posterior, 4.5cm from distal clavicle
CAL
Origin = acromion
Insertion = lateral border of coracoid process
THL
Origin/insertion = greater and lesser tubercles of humerus
Holds biceps long head tendon
What plexus supplies the shoulder, arm and forearm. Name these nerves.
The brachial plexus (C5-T1)
Consists of the musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, ulnar and medial
Which nerve is most commonly injured in shoulder injuries?
Axillary nerve
What does the military patch tell you?
If the patient cannot feel you touching their deltoid area this is a sign of compression of the axillary nerve as the deltoid is innervated by it.
This is a sensory test
What are the test for fractures of the shoulder girdle?
Piano key, tuning fork and tap test
