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Kines/Anat Midterm > Shoulder Muscles > Flashcards

Shoulder Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

3 Muscles the attach to the Coracoid Process

A
  1. Short head of the biceps brachia
  2. Pec Minor
  3. Coracobrachialis
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2
Q

Short head of Biceps Brachii

A

O: Coracoid process
I: Tuberosity of radius/fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
A: Flexes forearm at elbow, supinates flexed forearm
N: Musculocutaneous C5, 6

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3
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

O: Coracoid process
I: middle third of medial surface of humerus
A: helps to flex and adduct the shoulder
N: Musculocutaneous C5-7

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4
Q

Pec Minor

A

O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process
A: depresses and protracts the scapula
N: Medial pec nerve C8, T1

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5
Q

What works to provide stability to the shoulder?

A

Rotator Cuff: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatous, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

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6
Q

What portion of the shoulder joint is the weakest?

A

Glenoid labrum: cartilage pillow that deepens glenoid cavity cavity by 50% helps for a more secure humeral head in the glenoid fossa.

Glenohumeral joint capsule: allows for more stability during internal and external rotation of the shoulder

The inferior part of the the capsule is the weakest area AND dislocation of humerus into axilla through inferior part of the capsule is common

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7
Q

Quadrangular space

A

Upper: teres minor
Lower: teres major
Medial: long head of triceps
Lateral: shaft of the humerus

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8
Q

What passes through the Quadrangular space?

A

Axillary Nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

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9
Q

Axillary nerve injuries

A

Entrapment of Quadrangular space: Loss of motor function of the deltoid and teres minor
Loss of sensory function to the skin over the lateral shoulder, i.e., superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

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10
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint Ligaments

A

Acromioclavicular: (acromion to clavicle): reinforces the joint

Coracoclavicular (Conoid and trapezoid ligaments) : Reinforces the joint– provides stability: Produces longitudinal rotation of the clavical necessary for full ROM

Coracoacromial: acromion to coracoid process

3 degrees of freedom (AB/ADduction, elevation/depression, upward/downward rotation), allows scapula to move in motion with arm. small movements but important for stability, if ligaments were to tear it would be a shoulder separation

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11
Q

Triangular Space

A

Upper: Teres Minor
Lateral: Long Head of triceps
Lower: Teres Major

Passes through: circumflex scapular artery

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12
Q

17 Muscles that attach to the scapula

A

SSS TTTT BRR COLD LIP

+ major deficit that occurs if a given muscle does not function properly

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13
Q

Seratus Anterior

A

Scapular winging; can no longer hold scapula against thoracic wall

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14
Q

Subscapularis

A

Rotator cuff injury; ADduction deficit

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15
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Rotator cuff injury; ABduction and medial rotation deficit

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16
Q

Teres Minor

A

Rotator cuff; lateral rotation deficit, difficulty holding humeral head in glenoid

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17
Q

Teres Major

A

ADduction and Medial rotation deficit (of scapula/shoulder joint)

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18
Q

Trapezius

A

Drooping shoulder (aka “shoulder drop”); scapular elevation deficit

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19
Q

Triceps Long Head

A

Forearm extension deficit (stabilization)

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20
Q

Biceps

A

Forearm flexion and supination deficit

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21
Q

Rhomboid Minor

A

Inability to retract scapula; scapular instability (winging)

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22
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

Inability to retract scapula; scapular instability (winging)

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23
Q

Corocobrachialis

A

Inability to to flex/aDduct arm; pinched musculocutaneous n.

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24
Q

Omohyoid Inferior Belly

A

Problems with swallowing (inability to depress hyoid)

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25
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Inability to ADduct and extend arm

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26
Q

Deltoid

A

Deficit in ABduction of arm

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27
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

inability to elevate scapula

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28
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Rotator cuff; lateral rotation deficit, difficulty holding humeral head in glenoid

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29
Q

Pec Minor

A

Chronic Tension = winging of scapula; poor posture, rounded shoulders, etc.
–>A tear may also lead to deficits in protraction and depression of scapula

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30
Q

Deep Forearm: Anterior Compartment

A

FDP
Pronator Quadrates
FPL

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31
Q

FDP

A

O: anterior medial ulna
I: distal phalanx of digits 2-5
A: flexes hand at wrist and PIP and DIP of digits 2-5
N: 1/2 ulnar, 1/2 AIN (C8, T1)

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32
Q

Pronator Quadrates

A

O: distal 1/4 ulna
I: distal 1/4 of radius
A: pronates forearm
N: AIN (C8, T1)

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33
Q

FPL

A

O: mid radius
I: distal phalanx of thumb
A: flexes thumb at IP
N: AIN (C8, T1)

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34
Q

Deep Forearm: Posterior Compartment

A 
Supinator 
APL
EPB
EPL
Extensor Indices
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35
Q

Supinator

A

O: lateral epicondyle
I: proximal radius
A: Supinates the forearm
N: Deep branch of radial

36
Q

ABductor Policis Longus

A

O: posterior surfaces of ulna, radius and IM
I: base of 1st MC
A: abducts thumb
N: PIN C7, C8

37
Q

Extensor Policis Brevis

A

O: posterior surface of radius and IM
I: proximal phalanx of thumb
A: extend and abducts thumb
N: PIN C7, C8

38
Q

Extensor Policis Longus

A

O: posterior surface of ulna and IM
I: Distal phalanx of thumb
A: extends and abducts thumb
N: PIN C7, C8

39
Q

Extensor Indices

A

O: posterior surface of ulna and IM
I: Extensor hood of digit 2
A: Extends 2nd digit

40
Q

Trapezius Nerve Roots

A

Cranial XI

41
Q

Rhomboids Maj/Min

A

C4, C5

42
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

C5

43
Q 
Subclavius
Teres Minor and Major
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus 
Biceps Brachii (L&S)
Brachialis
Supscapularis
A

C5, C6

44
Q

Coracobrachialis, Sertus Anterior, Pec Major (later pec n),

A

C5,C6, C7

45
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

C6, C7, C8

46
Q

Triceps, Anconeous

A

C6, C7, C8

47
Q

Pec Minor

A

C8, T1

48
Q

SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR of Forearm (Flexors)

A

Pronator Teres, FCR, Palmaris Longus, FCU

49
Q

Pronator Teres/FCR

A

C6,C7

50
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

C7, C8

51
Q

FCU

A

Ulnar: C7-T1

52
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Median C8, T1

53
Q

DEEP ANTERIOR of Forearm (Flexors)

A

FPL, FDP, Pronator Quadrates

54
Q

FDP

A

Medial 1/2 Ulnar

Lateral 1/2 AIN (C8, T1)

55
Q

FPL, Pronator Quadrates

A

AIN C8, T1

56
Q

Superficial Extensor: Brachioradialis

A

C5,6

57
Q

ECRL

A

C6, 7

58
Q

ECRB & Supinator

A

DEEP BRANCH of radial C7

59
Q

Extensor Digitorum, EDM, ECU, ABductor PL, EPB, EPL, Extensor Indices

A

PIN (C7, C8)

60
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

A

Are ALL Deep Ulnar C8, T1, EXCEPT: 1st two lumbercles and the thinner eminence

61
Q

1st & 2nd Lumbercles

A

Median C8, T1

62
Q

Thenar Eminence

A

Motor Recurrent branch of median nerve

63
Q

Carpal Bones

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium, Pisiform

Trapezium, Trapazoid, Capatate, Hamate

64
Q

Clinical Entities of Carpal Bones

A

Dislocation and Instability

65
Q

Dislocation

A

Lunate or Hamate (perilunate)

66
Q

Instability

A

Normal Angles: CapitoLunate (CL) = 30 & Scaphoid-Lunate (SL) = 30-60
DISI (dorsal flexion) CL = or > than 30 & SL > 60
VISI (volar flexion) : CL and SL

67
Q

6 Extensor Retinaculum Compartments

A
  1. APL and EPB
  2. ECRL and ECRB
  3. EPL
  4. Extensor Digitorum and Extensor Indices
  5. Extensor Digiti Minimi
  6. ECU
68
Q

Synovial Sheath of Extensor Retinaculum

A

Reduce friction and provide cushion; can also lead to infection

69
Q

Retinacular Structure

A

Holds tendons in place to prevent popping out during extension

70
Q

Thenar eminence

A

ABductor Policis Brevis, Flexor Policis Brevis, Opponens Policis

71
Q

ABductor Policis Brevis

A

O: Flexor Retinaculum and Tubercles of the Schaphoid & Trapezium
I: base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
A: abduct the thumb
N: Motor Recurrant Branch of Median nerve

72
Q

Flexor Policis Brevis

A

O: Flexor Retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium
I: lateral base of phalanx of the thumb
A: flexes proximal phalanx of thumb
N: Motor Recurrant Branch of Median nerve

73
Q

Opponens Policis

A

O:Flexor Retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium
I: lateral side of 1st MC bone
A: opposes thumb toward center of palm and medially rotates it.
N: Motor Recurrant Branch of Median nerve

74
Q

ADductor Pollicis

A

O: Oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd MCs and Capitate
Transverse head: anterior surface of body of 3rd MC
I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: Adducts thumb toward middle digit
N: Deep Branch of Ulnar nerve

75
Q

Hypothenar Eminence

A

ABductor digiti minimi, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis, opponens digiti minimi

76
Q

ABductor digiti minimi

A

O: Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
I: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A: abducts 5th digit
N: Deep Ulnar Branch C8, T1

77
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx
A: flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
N: deep ulnar branch C8, T1

78
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi

A

O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: palmar surface of 5th metacarpal
A: draws 5th MC anteriorly and rotates it which brings it into opposition with thumb
N: deep ulnar branch C8, T1

79
Q

Lumbricals 1 & 2

A

O: lateral 2 tendons of FDP
I: Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd and 3rd digits
A: flexes digits at MCP and extends IP joints
N: Median C8, T1

80
Q

Lumbricals 3 & 4

A

O: medial 3 tendons of FDP
I: lateral sides of extensor expansions 4th and 5th digits
A: Flexes digits at MCP and extends IP joints
N: Deep ulnar C8, T1

81
Q

Dorsal Interosei

A

O: adjacent sides of two metacarpals
I: extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of 2nd-4th digits
A: ABducts digits
N: Deep ulnar C8, T1

82
Q

Palmar Interosei

A

O: sides of 2nd, 4th and 5th MC bones
I: extensor expansions of digits and bases of proximal phalanges of 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits
A: ADducts digits
N: Deep ulnar C8, T1

83
Q

Ape Hand

A

Lack of ability to abduct and oppose thumb due to paralysis of the thenar muscles (e.g., the median nerve has been compromised or motor recurrent branch)

84
Q

Claw Hand

A

Ulnar nerve, deep ulnar is compromised – dorsal interossei, 3&4 lumbercles

85
Q

Hypertrophy of pronator terres

A

Median nerve entrapment, loss of motor movement in thumb

86
Q

Most comment median entrapment occurs in the wrist

A

Carpal tunnel

Kines/Anat Midterm (6 decks)

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