Shoulder Muscles Flashcards by Eric Schmidt

Anterior Deltoid (1, Pink)

Coracobrachialis (2, Red)

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Anterior Deltoid Origin

(Pink)

Anterior and lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

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Anterior Deltoid Insertion

(Pink)

Deltoid tuberosity

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Anterior Deltoid Action

(Pink)

Flexion, internal rotation and horizontal adduction of the shoulder

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Coracobrachialis Origin

(Red)

Coracoid process of the scapula

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Coracobrachialis Insertion

(Red)

Medial surface of the humerus opposite of the insertion of the deltoid

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Coracobrachialis Action

(Red)

Flexion and adduction of the shoulder

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Pectoralis Major

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Pectoralis Major Origin

Medial 1/2 of the clavicle, sternum and cartilage of 1-6 ribs

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Pectoralis Major Insertion

crest of the greater tuberosity of the humerus

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Red Muscle

Biceps Brachii

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Biceps Brachii Origin

(Red)

Coracoid process of the scapula and the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

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Biceps Brachii Insertion

(Red)

Tuberosity of the radius and the bicipital aponeurosis

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Biceps Brachii Action

(Red)

Elbow Flexion, shoulder flexion and forearm supination

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Testing Position for Shoulder Flexion

Against Gravity - Sitting, patient assumes a position of 90o of shoulder flexion. Therapist resists on the distal end of the humerus in a downward direction toward extension.

Gravity Eliminated – Sidelying with the arm supported by the therapist, patient assumes a position of 90o of shoulder flexion. Resistance is applied to the distal end of the humerus in a parallel direction toward extension.

*The anterior deltoid is the primary shoulder flexor of the above mentioned muscles. They function as a group to produce shoulder flexion although each of the above muscles also functions to produce other movements. The coracobrachialis, pectoralis major and the biceps brachii are considered accessory muscle movers. The primary function/action of each of the above muscles is bolded.

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Latissimus Dorsi (1, Pink)

Teres Major (2, Red)

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Latissimus Dorsi Origin

(Pink)

Spinous process of T7-T12, spinous process of the lumbar vertebra, sacrum to the posterior iliac crest as well as to ribs 7-10 and to the inferior angle of the scapula

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Latissimus Dorsi Insertion

(Pink)

Distal to the lesser tuberosity (located on anterior surface of humerus)

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Latissimus Dorsi Action

(Pink)

Scapular depression, Extension, internal rotation, and adduction of the shoulder

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Teres Major Origin

(Red)

Lower 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula to the inferior angle

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Teres Major Insertion

(Red)

Distal to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus

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Teres Major Action

(Red)

Extension, internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder

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Posterior Deltoid (A – Red)

Triceps (G, Pink)

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Posterior Deltoid Origin

(Red)

Spine of the scapula

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Posterior Deltoid Insertion (Red)

Deltoid tuberosity

Posterior Deltoid Action (Red)

**Horizontal Abduction**, extension, and external rotation of the shoulder

Triceps Brachii Origin (Pink-G)

Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, inferior to the neck of the humerus, and the lower 1/2 of the posterior surface of the humerus

Triceps Brachii Insertion (Pink-G)

Olecranon process of the ulna

Triceps Brachii Action (Pink-G)

**Elbow Extension** and shoulder extension

Test Position for Shoulder Extension

**_Against Gravity –_** Prone or Sitting, starting with the arm down at the side, patient moves the arm backwards into shoulder extension. Therapist resists on the distal end of the humerus in a downward (if prone) or forward position (if sitting). **_Gravity Eliminated –_** Sidelying with the arm supported by the therapist, patient assumes a position of shoulder extension. Resistance is applied to the distal end of the humerus in a parallel direction toward the starting position. \*The latissimus dorsi and the teres major are the primary shoulder extensors of the above mentioned muscles. They function as a group to produce shoulder extension although each of the above muscles also functions to produce other movements. The posterior deltoid and the triceps brachii are considered accessory muscle movers.

Supraspinatus (1, Green)

Supraspinatus Origin (Green)

Supraspinous fossa

Supraspinatus Insertion (Green)

Greater tuberosity of the humerus

Supraspinatus Action (Green)

Abduction of the humerus

Middle Deltoid (A - Yellow)

Middle Deltoid Origin (A-Yellow)

Acromion process of the scapula

Middle Deltoid Insertion (A-Yellow)

Deltoid tuberosity

Middle Deltoid Action (A-Yellow)

Abduction of the shoulder

Test Position for Shoulder Abduction

**_Against Gravity -_** Sitting, patient assumes a position of 90o of shoulder abduction. Therapist resists on the distal end of the humerus in a downward direction. **_Gravity Eliminated –_** Supine with the therapist supporting the arm at the side in adduction, patient assumes a position of 90o abduction. Resistance is applied on the distal end of the humerus back toward adduction.

Posterior Deltoid (A, Red)

Posterior Deltoid Origin (A-Red)

Spine of the scapula

Posterior Deltoid Insertion (A-Red)

Deltoid tuberosity

Posterior Deltoid Action (A-Red)

**Horizontal Abduction**, extension, and external rotation of the shoulder

Test Position for Shoulder Horizontal Abduction

**_Against Gravity –_** Prone with the arm hanging over the edge of the plinth, the arm is abducted to 90o and the elbow is in 90o flexion. The patient lifts the elbow up toward the ceiling assuming a position of horizontal abduction. Resistance is applied on the distal end of the humerus in a downward direction. **_Gravity Eliminated –_** Sitting with the arm supported by the therapist in a position of 90o of shoulder flexion, the patient moves the arm out to the side and back toward horizontal abduction. Resistance is applied on the distal end of the humerus back toward the starting position.

Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Major Origin

Medial 1/2 of the clavicle, sternum and cartilage of 1-6 ribs

Pectoralis Major Insertion

Crest of the greater tuberosity of the humerus (located anterior and distal to the greater tuberosity)

Pectoralis Major Action

**Horizontal Adduction**, flexion, adduction and internal rotation of the shoulder

Pink Muscle

Anterior Deltoid (1, Pink)

Anterior Deltoid Origin (Pink)

Anterior and lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

Anterior Deltoid Insertion (Pink)

deltoid tuberosity

Anterior Deltoid Action (Pink)

**Flexion**, internal rotation and horizontal adduction of the shoulder

Test Position for Shoulder Horizontal Adduction

**_Against Gravity –_** Supine with the arm in 90o of abduction the patient lifts the shoulder up and across the chest into shoulder horizontal adduction (can allow elbow flexion as the arm comes across the chest). Therapist resists on the distal end of the humerus in an outward direction toward horizontal abduction. **_Gravity Eliminated –_** Sitting, therapist supports shoulder into 90o of abduction followed by the patient attempting to bring the arm across the chest into horizontal adduction. Therapist resists on the distal end of the humerus in an outward direction toward horizontal abduction.

Infraspinatus (1, Pink) Teres Minor (2, Red)

Infraspinatus Origin (Pink)

infraspinous fossa

Infraspinatus Insertion (Pink)

Greater tuberosity of the humerus

Infraspinatus Action (Pink)

External rotation of the shoulder

Teres Minor Action (Red)

External rotation of the shoulder

Teres Minor Origin (Red)

Upper 2/3 of the lateral border of the scapula

Teres Minor Insertion (Red)

Greater tuberosity of the humerus

Red Muscle

Posterior Deltoid (A, Red)

Posterior Deltoid Origin (A-Red)

Spine of the scapula

Posterior Deltoid Insertion (A-Red)

. Deltoid tuberosity

Posterior Deltoid Action (Red)

**Horizontal Abduction**, extension, and external rotation of the shoulder

Test Position for Shoulder External Rotation

**_Against Gravity -_** Prone, with the humerus abducted to 90o and supported by the mat with the elbow flexed to 90o and hanging over the edge of the mat, the patient assumes a position of external rotation (back of the hand toward the ceiling) of the shoulder. Therapist resists proximal to the wrist in a downward direction. **_Gravity Eliminated –_** Prone with the arm dangling off the edge of the mat in internal rotation (palm toward feet) the patient rotates the shoulder outward so that the palm is facing toward the head. Resistance is applied at the distal end of the humerus attempting to rotate the shoulder back to its starting position.

Subscapularis (2)

Subscapularis Origin Pink

subscapular fossa

Subscapularis Insertion Pink

lesser tuberosity of the humerus