Shoulder Girdle

Question 1

What are the bones of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 1

Sternum, clavicle, scapula

Question 2

What are the joints of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 2

Sternoclavicular joints and acromioclavicular joints

Question 3

What are the ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint (AC joint)?

Answer 3

AC ligament (superior and inferior) and coracoclavicular ligament

Question 4

Where is the AC joint?

Answer 4

Articulation of acromion and distal end of clavicle

Question 5

Where is the sternoclavicular joint (SC joint)?

Answer 5

Proximal end of clavicle that articulates with the sternum and cartilage or 1st rib

Question 6

What is the scapulohumeral rythm?

Answer 6

The first 30 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction that occurs and the scapula must upwardly rotate 1 degree

Question 7

What is the ratio of scapulohumeral rythm?

Answer 7

2:1

Question 8

What are the movements of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 8

Protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, upper rotation, downward rotation

Question 9

What are the anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 9

Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius

Question 10

What are the posterior muscles of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 10

Trapezius, major rhomboid, minor rhomboid, levator scapulae

Question 11

What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 11

Origin: Anterior surface of 3rd, 4th, and 5th rib
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Question 12

What is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior?

Answer 12

Origin: Outer surface of upper 9 ribs
Insertion: Inferior angle of scapula

Question 13

What is the origin and insertion of the subclavius?

Answer 13

Origin: 1st rib
Insertion: Clavicle

Question 14

What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapulae?

Answer 14

Origin: Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border and superior angle of scapula

Question 15

What is the origin and insertion of the major and minor rhomboids?

Answer 15

Origin: Spinous processes of 7th cervical vertebrae and 1st 5 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border and inferior angle of scapula

Question 16

What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius?

Answer 16

Origin: Occipital bone, spinous processes of 7th cervical and all thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Posterior border of clavicle, acromion process, and scapular spine

Question 17

What muscles of the shoulder girdle are agonists of protraction?

Answer 17

Pectoralis minor and serratus anterior?

Question 18

What muscles are antagonists of protraction?

Answer 18

Levator scapulae, rhomboids, trapezius (U,M,L)

Question 19

What muscles are agonists of retraction?

Answer 19

Levator scapulae (weak), rhomboids, trapezius (U,M,L)

Question 20

What muscles are antagonists of retraction?

Answer 20

Pectoralis minor and serratus anterior

Question 21

What muscles are agonists of elevation

Question 22

What muscles are antagonists of elevation?

Question 23

What muscles are agonists of depression?

Question 24

What muscles are antagonists of depression?

Question 25

What muscles are agonists of upward rotation?

Question 26

What muscles are antagonist of upward rotation?

Question 27

What muscles are agonists of downward rotation?

Question 28

What muscles are antagonists of downward rotation?

Question 29

Which muscle acting scapular depression, but also functions to stabilize the sternoclavicular joint?

Question 30

What is the movement of a lat pull-down?

Answer 30

Downward rotation (primary)

Question 31

What is scapular winging?

Answer 31

Weakness in the serratus anterior

Question 32

How can you fix scapular winging?

Answer 32

Protraction and upward rotation exercises