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SF1.11 Shoulder, Arm, Elbow (MULHERON) > Shoulder, Arm, Elbow > Flashcards

Shoulder, Arm, Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Label all:

A
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2
Q

The 3 bones of the shoulder region:

A
  1. Clavicle
  2. Scapula
  3. Proximal Humerus
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3
Q

What four muscles attach to the vertbral border of the scapula?

A
  1. rhomboid
  2. trapezius
  3. levator scapulae
  4. serratus anterior (subscapular side)
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4
Q

Label all:

A
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5
Q

Label all:

A
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6
Q

Label all:

A
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7
Q

What is the most frequent site of fracture on the proximal humerus?

A

surgical neck

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8
Q

Label all:

A
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9
Q

The three shoulder joints:

A
  1. sternoclavicular
  2. acromioclavicular
  3. glenohumeral
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10
Q

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

saddle joint

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11
Q

What is located within the sternoclovicular joint and what is its function?

A
  • Articular disk; divides joint into two sections
  • Allows for movements in different planes
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12
Q

Instead of dislocating, what does the clavicle do instead in response to excessive force?

A
  • fractures mid-shaft
    • protects the carotid artery and trachea behind the sternoclavicular joint from dislocation.
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13
Q

When you have a clavicle fracture mid-shaft, what pulls the lateral side downward?

A

gravity/weight of the limb

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14
Q

When you have a clavicle fracture mid-shaft, what pulls the medial side upward?

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

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15
Q

What are the two ways to treat an overriding clavicular fracture?

A
  • non-surgical: figure-8 bandage (BONE LUMP)
  • surgical: plate and screws
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16
Q

The acromioclavicular joint is reinforced by:

A

coracoclavicular ligament

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17
Q

Shoulder separation is:

A

AC joint dislocation

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18
Q

Shoulder dislocation is:

A

glenohumeral joint dislocation

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19
Q

What injury and grade is this?

A

grade 1 shoulder separation

  • AC joint dislocation with NO coracoclavicular ligament tear.
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20
Q

What injury and grade is this?

A

grade 3 shoulder separation

  • AC joint dislocation with coracoclavicular ligament tear.
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21
Q

What kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

ball and socket

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22
Q

Label all:

A
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23
Q

Role of the subacromial bursa:

A
  • lubrication and decrease friction
  • bursitis = inflammation of the bursa
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24
Q

The two ligaments that support the glenhumeral joint:

A
  • coracohumeral ligament
  • glenoid labrum

MAIN SUPPORT ARE

THE ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

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25
Q

The rotator cuff muscles are:

A

SITS

  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres Minor
  • Subscapularis
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26
Q

What is this an image of?

A
  • rotator cuff tear
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27
Q

Muscles involved in arm abduction:

A
  • Supraspinatus (first 40 degrees)
  • Deltoid (40-180 degrees)

DELTOID CANNOT START ABDUCTION
SUPRASPINATUS MUST START ABDUCTION

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28
Q

Weakest point of glenohumeral joint:

A

glenoid ligament
inferior and anterior

WHERE DISLOCATION OF THE

GLENOHUMERAL JOINT OCCURS

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29
Q

Three causes of glenohumeral dislocation:

A
  1. excessive extension
  2. hyperabduction
  3. external rotation
30
Q

The four abductor muscles of the shoulder:

A
  1. deltoid
  2. trapezius
  3. supraspinatus
  4. serratus anterior
31
Q

In order to reach full 180 degrees abduction, what needs to occur at around 120 degrees?

A
  • scapula needs to be upwardly rotated
  • trapezius and serratus anterior
32
Q

Scapulohumeral rhythm:

A
  • For every 3º of arm elevation:
    • 2º at glenohumeral joint
    • 1º at scapula, SC and AC joints
33
Q

What are three bones of the arm and elbow joint?

A
  1. Distal Humerus
  2. Proximal Radius
  3. Proximal Ulna
34
Q

Label all (elbow joint):

A
35
Q

Epicondyles of the elbow function:

A

attachment sites for forearm musculature

36
Q

The capitulum and trochlea are covered in:

A

hyaline cartilage

37
Q

What is the arrow pointing to and what bone is it formed by?

A

olecranon

formed by ulna

38
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A
  • Left: radial head, radial neck, radial tuberosity
  • Right: coronoid, ulnar tuberosity
39
Q

What is this an image of?

A

trochlear notch

created by the coronoid of the ulna

40
Q

Label all (elbow joint):

A
  • OP = olecranon
  • C = capitulum
41
Q

Label:

A
  • Superior: medial epicondyle
  • Posterior: lateral epicondyle
42
Q

The capitulum of the humerus contacts what bone in the elbow joint?

A

head of the radius

43
Q

The trochlea of the humerus contacts what bone in the elbow joint?

A

trochlear notch of the ulna

44
Q

The two joints located at the elbow:

A
  1. Elbow joint
  2. Radioulnar joint
45
Q

What joint allows for flexion/extension of the forearm?

A

elbow joint

46
Q

What joint allows for pronation/supination of the forearm?

A

Radioulnar joint

  • radius/ulna parallel in supination
  • radius/ulna crossed-over in pronation
47
Q

What are the three ligaments of the elbow joint?

A
  1. radial collateral ligament (LCL)
  2. annular ligament
  3. ulnar collateral ligament (MCL)
48
Q

Label all:

A
  • left:
    • top: radial collateral ligament
    • bottom: annular ligament (ring)
  • right:
    • top: ulnar collateral ligament
    • bottom: valgus stress
49
Q

Valgus stress:

A
  • a stress test to test for a ulnar collateral ligament (MCL) tear.
  • pressure is put on the point where the brachialis muscle inserts onto the ulna.

CIRCLED

50
Q

Elbow dislocation usually occurs in what direction?

A

posterior

ULNA DISLOCATES POSTERIORLY

51
Q

What happens in a radial dislocation?

A
  • head of the radius dislocates inferiorly from the elbow joint
  • common in children
52
Q

The ulna dislocates ______ from the elbow joint.

A

posteriorly

53
Q

The radius dislocates ______ from the elbow joint.

A

inferiorly

54
Q

Muscles of the anterior arm are functionally:

A
  • flexors
  • innervated by musculocutaneous (arm) and median (forearm) nerves
55
Q

Muscles of the posterior arm are functionally:

A
  • extensors
  • innervated by radial nerve
  • deltoid/teres minor innervated by axillary nerve
56
Q

The anterior compartment of the arm contains:

A
  • Arm & Elbow Flexors
  • Musculocutaneous Nerve
  • Brachial Artery
57
Q

The posterior compartment of the arm contains:

A
  • Arm & Forearm Extensors
  • Radial Nerve
  • Deep Brachial Artery
58
Q

Muscles of the anterior arm:

A
  • long head of biceps brachii
  • short head biceps brachii
  • coracobrachialis
  • brachialis
59
Q

What head of the biceps brachii goes into the intertubercular groove of the humeral head?

A

long head of biceps brachii

60
Q

Insertion of the short head biceps brachii:

A

coracoid process

61
Q

Insertion of the long head biceps brachii:

A

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

62
Q

What attaches the biceps brachii to the radius?

A

biceps brachii tendon

63
Q

What attaches the biceps brachii to the ulna?

A

bicipital aponeuroses
aponeurosis = flat tendon

64
Q

The brachialis crosses what joint?

A

elbow

65
Q

The coracobrachialis crosses what joint?

A

glenohumeral

66
Q

The three posterior arm muscles:

A
  1. triceps long head
  2. triceps lateral head
  3. triceps medial head
67
Q

The triceps tendon attaches all three triceps muscles to:

A

olecranon of the ulna

68
Q

What is the only tricep that crosses the glenohumeral joint?

A

long head of the tricep

69
Q

Cubital fossa contains:

A
  • brachial artery division into radial and ulnar arteries
  • radial nerve
  • superficial fascia: cubital veins form anastomotic connections between the cephalic and basilic veins
70
Q

Cubital fossa location:

A
  • depression on the anterior aspect of the elbow

SF1.11 Shoulder, Arm, Elbow (MULHERON) (1 decks)

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