Shoulder and Elbow Problems Flashcards
What shoulder injuries are most common at each age group?
Teens - Fractures and instability.
30/40s - Rotator cuff and capsulitis.
50/60s - Impingement and AC joint.
70s + - Degenerative rotator cuff and joint.
What are the percentages for location of traumatic shoulder dislocation?
Anterior - 90%
Posterior - 9%
Inferior - 1%
What are some treatment options for Traumatic Shoulder dislocation?
Manipulation
Immobilisation
Physiotherapy
Surgery
What is subacromial impingement?
Inflammation and irritation of the rotator cuff tendons as they pass through the subacromial space. Results in pain, weakness and reduce range of motion (painful arc).
What is the Bigliani definition of subacromial impingement?
Pain and dysfunction resulting from any pathology which decreases the volume of the subacromial space or increases the size of the contents.
What are some treatment options for subacromial impingement?
Subacromial steroid injection
Physiotherapy
Arthroscopic subacromial decompression.
What is meant by frozen shoulder?
Also known as Adhesive capsulitis.
Shoulder is painful and stiff for months with an unknown cause.
Pain can be worse at night and sometimes so painful shoulder is very difficult to move.
What are some treatment options for adhesive capsulitis?
Hydrodilatation - saline, steroid and local anaesthetic injection.
Physiotherapy
Painkillers
Hot/cold packs
What is a rotator cuff tear?
Tear within the tendons of the rotator cuff meaning it is not attached to the head of humerus.
Tears can be traumatic or degenerative.
What is the treatment for rotator cuff tears?
Acute - early surgery
Degenerative - surgery only if symptomatic.
Superior Capsular Reconstruction - only for massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears, it is a cadaveric skin graft to reconstruct capsule not tendon.
What are some types of shoulder arthritis?
Osteoarthritis
Inflammatory Arthritis
Post - traumatic arthritis
What elbow injuries are common at each age group?
Children/teens - fractures & dislocations.
Middle aged - Tendinopathies
Elderly - degenerative disease.
Cubital tunnel syndrome at any age.
Where is the pain in a golfers elbow?
Area of pain on inside of forearm.
Where is the pain in a tennis elbow?
Area of pain on outside of forearm.
What is cubital tunnel syndrome?
Pressure or stretching of the ulnar nerve causing numbness and tingling in the pinky and ring fingers, pain in forearm and weakness in the arm.
