Shoulder and Elbow Complex

Question 1

Serratus Anterior

Answer 1

scapular abduction/protraction; scapular upward/lateral rotation; scapula stabilizer
depression

Question 2

Levator Scapulae

Answer 2

scapular elevation; downward/medial rotation

Question 3

Upper Trapezius

Answer 3

scapular elevation; upward/lateral rotation

Question 4

Middle Trapezius

Answer 4

scapular adduction/retraction

Question 5

Lower Trapezius

Answer 5

scapular depression; scapular upward/lateral rotation; scapular adduction/retraction

Question 6

Rhomboid Minor

Answer 6

scapular adduction/retraction; scapular downward/medial rotation

Question 7

Rhomboid Major

Answer 7

scapular adduction/retraction; scapular downward/medial rotation

Question 8

Anterior Deltoid

Answer 8

shoulder flexion; shoulder internal rotation

Question 9

Middle Deltoid

Answer 9

shoulder abduction

Question 10

posterior deltoid

Answer 10

shoulder extension; shoulder external rotation

Question 11

supraspinatus

Answer 11

initiates and assists deltoid in shoulder abduction

Question 12

coracobrachialis

Answer 12

shoulder flexion; shoulder adduction

Question 13

Pectoralis Major

Answer 13

shoulder horizontal adduction; shoulder internal rotation

Question 14

Pectoralis Minor

Answer 14

scapular protraction/abduction; scapular downward/medial rotation; depression; anterior tilt of scapula

Question 15

subscapularis

Answer 15

shoulder internal rotation; adduction of humerus

Question 16

infraspinatus

Answer 16

shoulder external rotation; extension of humerus

Question 17

teres minor

Answer 17

shoulder external/lateral rotation; extension of humerus

Question 18

teres major

Answer 18

shoulder extension; shoulder internal/medial rotation

Question 19

latissimus dorsi

Answer 19

shoulder extension; shoulder adduction; shoulder internal/medial rotation

Question 20

rotator cuff muscles

Answer 20

supraspinatus; infraspinatus; teres minor; subscapularis

Question 21

Role #1 of the Scapula

Answer 21

be a stable part of the glenohumeral articulation

Question 22

Role #2 of the Scapula

Answer 22

retract and protract along the thoracic wall

Question 23

Role #3 of the Scapula

Answer 23

Serve as a base for muscle attachment

Question 24

Role #4 of the Scapula

Answer 24

Elevate the acromion to avoid impingement by the greater tubercle

Question 25

Role #5 of the scapula

Answer 25

serve as a link in the proximal to distal sequence energy delivery

Question 26

scapulohumeral rhythm - GH joint

Answer 26

90 active and 120 passive flexion/abduction without scapula moving Responsible for 120 degrees of shoulder movement

Question 27

scapulohumeral rhythm - ST joint

Answer 27

AC and SC joints move 30 degrees each

Question 28

upward rotators of scapula

Answer 28

upper trap, serratus anterior, lower trap

Question 29

Downward rotators of scapula

Answer 29

levator scapulae, rhomboids, pec minor

Question 30

Force couple definition

Answer 30

two forces whose points of application occur on opposite sides of an axis and in opposite directiosn to produce rotation of the body

Question 31

Scaption

Answer 31

Functional elevation in a favorable plane of motion 30-45 degrees anterior to the frontal plane improves length-tension relationship in GH muscles

Question 32

Convex-Concave Rule Principle 1

Answer 32

When the concave surface is fixed and the bone with the convex surface moves on the bone with the concave surface, the bone with convex surface slides in the opposite anatomical direction than that of the bone segment

Question 33

Convex-Concave Rule Principle 2

Answer 33

When the convex surface is fixed in place and the bone with concave surface moves on the convex surface, the concave articulation slides in the same anatomical direction that the bone segment is moving.

Question 34

Convex-Concave Rule Rolling Principle

Answer 34

Rolling of the surfaces over one another is always in the same direction as the anatomical movement regardless of the shape of the moving surface

Question 35

the sequence of muscle activation in shoulder abduction...

Answer 35

begins with scapular stabilization

Question 36

scapular stabilization relies on...

Answer 36

intact isometric > concentric > eccentric contractions of muscles controlling the scapula, which must be stabilized before the GH joint can move

Question 37

Muscle that often gets impinged; muscle that is most likely affected in a torn rotator cuff

Answer 37

supraspinatus

Question 38

Newton's second law and muscle contraction

Answer 38

when a muscle contracts to move bone, it will act on the lightest segment first (aka scapula in shoulder movement)

Question 39

Elbow flexion muscles

Answer 39

primary - biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis | secondary - extensor carpi radialis longus, pronator teres

Question 40

elbow extension

Answer 40

primary mover - triceps

Question 41

supination

Answer 41

supinator, biceps

Question 42

pronation

Answer 42

pronator quadratus, pronator teres

Question 43

nerves that cross the elbow

Answer 43

radial ulnar median

Question 44

muscles innervated by musculocutaneous

Answer 44

biceps brachii | part of brachialis

Question 45

muscles innervated by the median nerve

Answer 45

flexors of the wrist and hand thenar muscles and radial lumbricals muscles that open first web space of hand

Question 46

muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve

Answer 46

``` some wrist and finger flexors intrinsic muscles (important in fine motor control) ```

Question 47

muscles innervated by the radial nerve

Answer 47

triceps brachioradialis part of brachialis all wrist and digit extensors

Question 48

role of gravity in elbow extension

Answer 48

gravity assists elbow extension when an individual is upright or supine at rest, the elbow does not rest in complete extension

Question 49

strongest supinator of the forearm

Answer 49

biceps brachii

Question 50

valgus

Answer 50

distal part of the bone is more lateral than the proximal part

Question 51

varus

Answer 51

distal part of the bone is more medial than the proximal