Shoulder and Elbow

Question 1

What is the function of the shoulder?

Answer 1

links extremities to the trunk and acts in conjunction with the elbow to position the hand to efficient function

Question 2

What are the articulations in teh shoulder?

Answer 2

➢ Glenohumeral
➢ Acromioclavicular
➢ Sternoclavicular
➢ Scapulothoracic

Question 3

What are the 6 movements of the shoulder?

Answer 3

Forwards flexion/backward extension -elevation in sagittal plane
Abduction/adduction - Forward or backward movement of the arm in a horizontal (coronal) plane
Horizontal flexion/extension - Shoulder elevation in the transverse plane
Internal/external rotation - rotation about the long axis of the humerus

Question 4

List the diff ROM for the different movements of the shoulder

Answer 4

-Forward flexion: 180 degrees, decreases with age and less active
-Backward extension ; rangge 60 degrees
-Abduction: range 180
-Adduction: limited by thorax, 75 degree in trunk of body
-Horizontal Flexion: range 135 degrees
-Horizontal extension: range 45
-Internal rotation: moves forearm closer to body
-External rotation: moves forearm away from body, limited by self tissue sorrounding it

Question 5

What is shoulder elevation?

Answer 5

movement of the humerus away from the side of the thorax in any plane

Question 6

Describe the motion of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 6

articulation between humeral head and glenoid fossa of scapula - constrained by ball and socket jt
Allows wide ROM by minimising bone on bone contact
relies on soft tissue for stability
has three types of surface motion: rotation rolling and gliding

Question 7

Describe the motion of the acromiclavicular

Answer 7

ac joint - small synovial articulation between distal clavicle and proximal acromion of scaplua - ligaments around permit the scapula to move clavicle about 3 axis

Question 8

Describe the motion of the sternoclavicular

Answer 8

synovial articulation between manubrium of sternum and proximal clavicle. Meniscus interposed between the two bony surfaces.
the costoclavicular ligament attaches clavicle to first rib & control motion between flat joint surfaces of clavice and manubrium - acts as a fulcrum for gliding motion that takes place at joint during shoulder motion - gliding and rotation occurs

Question 9

Describe the motion of the scapulathoracic articulation

Answer 9

Scapula has no bony/ligamentous connection to thorax leaving scapula hanging by clavicle. Scapular motion enhanced by scapulathoracic articulation - bone to bone articulation between scapula and thoracic wall
anterior surface of scapula seperated from chest wall by serratus anterior and subscapularis muscles - glide on eachother when scapula moves

Question 10

What are the 3 articulation of the elbow jt

Answer 10

Question 11

Describe the motion of the elbow

Answer 11

Flexion/extension: by humeroulnar &
humeroradial articulations. ROM predicted by angular characteristics
trochea of humerus = 330 deg, trochlear fossa of ulna = 190 deg
Diff = 140 deg - range of flexion/extension
Pronation/Supination: forearm rotates about a
longitudinal axis passing through the centre of the radial head and the distal ulnar articular surface. rotation involves humeroradial jt and proximal radioulnar jt

Question 12

Describe the elbow jt stability

Answer 12

possesses significant inherent stability
due to interlocking configuration of articulating surfaces.
Main stability = trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear fossa of the ulna. stability is provided by the humeroradial articulation.
radioular—no stability but allows pronation/supination