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Anatomy > Shoulder Anatomy > Flashcards

Shoulder Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

subscapularis origin, insertion, innervation, and action

A

origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tuberosity of humerus

nerve supply: upper and lower subscapular nerves

action: medial rotation of humerus

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2
Q

deltoid nerve supply

A

axillary nerve C5 and C6

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3
Q

Joints of shoulder region

A
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4
Q

what are the borders of the quadrangular space and what are its contents?

A

Borders-

medial- long head of triceps

lateral- humeral shaft

superior

contents: axillary and posterior humeral circumflex artery (deep brachial artery)

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5
Q

Features of the glenohumeral joint

A

Features: • Stability: NOT STABLE: Head of humerus is 3 times larger than glenoid cavity, Capsule is redundant.

Few ligamentous support: (glenoid labrum • coracohumeral)

  • Main support: muscles around the joint (ROTATOR CUFF)
  • Wide range of movement
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6
Q

What are the borders and contents of triangular interval?

A

superior border: teres major

lateral border: lateral head of tricep

medial border: long head tricep

contains: radial nerve

deep profunda brachial artery

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7
Q

Nerves of shoulder region

A
  • Axillary nerve (main)
  • Radial nerve (beginning)
  • Ulna nerve (beginning)
  • Median nerve (beginning)
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
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8
Q

Bones of shoulder region

A
  • scapula (shoulder blade)
  • clavicle (collarbone)
  • humerus (upper arm bone)
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9
Q

spaces in shoulder region

A

quadrangular space

triangular space

triangular interval

suprascapular foramen

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10
Q

infraspinatus origin, insertion, innervation and action

A

origin: infraspinous fossa
insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus

innervated by suprscapular nerve

action: lateral rotation of humerus

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11
Q

What structure does the axillary arise from, what’s it course, and what does it innervate?

A
  • Terminal branch of the brachial plexus.
  • From posterior cord
  • From ventral rami of C5 and C6.
  • Course: passes posteriorly, through the quadrangular space, inferior to shoulder joint, where it is vulnerable to damage during shoulder dislocations

The branches:

-Muscular branches to the deltoid and teres minor muscles - Articular branch to the shoulder joint. - Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm supplies the skin over the superior part of the lateral aspect of the arm.

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12
Q

Explain axillary artery

A
  • continuation of subclavian artery
  • divided into 3 by pectoralis minor
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13
Q

What are the borders and contents of the triangular space?

A

Borders

Superior: lower border of teres minor

Lateral: long head of triceps

Inferior: teres major

Contents: subscapular circumflex artery

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14
Q

Branches of axillary artery

A

1st part:

-Highest or superior thoracic artery.

2nd part:

-thoracoacromial artery immediately divides into terminal branches. (Clavicular • Acromial • Deltoid • Pectoral)

lateral thoracic artery.

3rd part

subscapular artery

anterior circumflex humeral

posterior circumflex humeral

Some Times Life Seems A Pain

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15
Q

Ligaments of shoulder joint

A

Ligaments

• Glenohumeral Ligaments

  • Superior -Middle -Inferior •

Coraco-acromial Ligament

• Coraco-clavicular Ligaments

-Trapezoid -conoid

  • Transverse Humeral Ligament
  • Coraco-humeral
  • Acromio-clavicular
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16
Q

teres minor origin, insertion, nerve supply, action

A

origin: lateral border of scapula
insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus

nerve supply: axillary nerve

action: lateral rotation of humerus

17
Q

deltoid insertion

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

18
Q

review landmarks of humerus, scapula, and clavicle

A

humerus: anatomical neck, surgical neck, greater tuberosity, intertubuclar groove between, lesser tuberosity
clavicle: lateral end angle of clavicle, medial aspect

19
Q

3rd part of axillary artery branch

A
  • subscapular artery.
  • anterior circumflex humeral artery
  • posterior circumflex humeral artery
20
Q

3rd part of axillary artery supply

A

Anteriorly: pectoralis major, medial root of the median nerve

Posteriorly: subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, the teres major, axillary, radial nerves.

• Laterally: coracobrachialis, biceps, humerus, lateral root of the median nerve, musculocutaneous nerves •

Medially: • ulnar nerve, axillary vein, the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm

21
Q

Blood supply of shoulder region

A
  • Subclavian artery
  • Axillary artery- Thoracoacromial artery
  • Brachial artery
22
Q

teres major origin, insertion, innervation, and action

A

origin: lateral border of scapula
insertion: bicipital groove of humerus

nerve supply: lower subscapular nerve

action: extension, adduction, and medial rotation of humerus

23
Q

relations of shoulder joint (borders)

anterior

posterior

superior

inferior

A

anterior: subscapularis, deltoid
posterior: infraspinatus. teres minor
superior: supraspinatus, subacromial bursa, coracoacromial ligament, deltoid muscle
inferior: axillary nerve, posterior cirucumflex artery, long head of triceps, muscle

24
Q

Explain the 2nd part of axillary artery and what it supplies?

A

Anteriorly: skin, pectoralis minor, and pectoralis major

Posteriorly: posterior cord of the brachial plexus, subscapularis muscle, shoulder joint

Laterally: lateral cord of the brachial plexus

Medially: The medial cord of the brachial plexus, the axillary vein

25
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?

A
26
Q

movements of shoulder joint

A

medial and lateral rotation

extension and flexion

abduction and adduction

circumduction

27
Q

bursa in shoulder joint (5)

A

subacriomal bursa: between deltoid, supraspinatus, and capsule

subdeltoid bursa: between deltoid muscle and shoulder joint cavity

subcutaenous acromial bursa: located above the acromion just beneath the skin

subscapularis bursa: between subscapularis tendon and capsule

infraspinatus bursa: between infraspinatus tendon and capsule

28
Q

glenohumeral joint ligaments- the joint is formed by a group of ligaments that connect the humerus to the glenoid what are these ligaments?

A

glenohumeral ligaments

superior

middle

inferior

also have glenoid labrum

coracohumeral ligament

29
Q

(Arterial anastomosis around shoulder region) anastomosis around the shoulder joint are formed by branches of the subclavian and axillary arteries. What are the branches of each? What is the significance?

A
  • Branches from subclavian artery: • Suprascapular artery • Superficial cervical artery
  • Branches from axillary artery (3rd part)- • Subscapular artery • Anterior circumflex humeral artery • Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Significant as they provide an alternative route for blood if other route is obstructed

30
Q

blood supply of shoulder joint

A

axillary artery- anteriror and posterior circumflex artery (parts of the 3rd part of axillary artery)

31
Q

Muscles of shoulder region (10)

A
  • Deltoid
  • Supraspinatus.
  • Infraspinatus. •

Teres minor. •

Teres major. • Subscapularis. • Latissmus dorsi • Trapezius • Levator scapulae • Rhomboids

32
Q

Rotator cuff disorder?

Which one likely to be injured an why?

A

impingement, tendonpathy

the supraspinatus, because it passes through acriomion and humeral head, has most force acting on it

33
Q

supraspinatus origin and insertion

nerve supply and action

A

origin: supraspinous fossa
insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus

innervated by suprscapular nerve

action: abduction of humerus from 0-15 degrees

34
Q

deltoid origin

A

spine of scapula, acromion. lateral 1/3 of clavicle

SACS

(same as insertion of trapezius)

35
Q

How does rotator cuff get it’s name and what is the problem that may arise?

A

• Muscles form a tendinous cuff around the shoulder joint covering its- anterior, posterior and superior aspects.

no support on inferior border, disolocates inferiorly and anteriorly

36
Q

nerve supply to shoulder joint

A

axillary nerve

suprascapular nerve

37
Q

deltoid action

A

anterior fibers flex and medial rotate, medial- abducts, posterior fibers extend and lateral rotate

Anatomy (12 decks)

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