Shoulder

Question 1

*Subacromial pain syndrome test

Empty can

Answer 1

Standing

Abduct to 90°

Horizontally adduct to 30° from midline

Fully internally rotate

Then I push down on their arms

Ask any pain each step

POSITIVE TEST= pain confirmed by palpating supraspinatus infraspinatus tendons and subacromial bursa

Question 2

*Coracoacromial pain

Empty can

Answer 2

Flex shoulders to 90°

Fully internally rotate

Push downward on arms

Ask any pain each step

POSITIVE TEST= pain palpate long head bicepes subscapularis supraspinatus

Question 3

Subacromial pain syndrome

Acromiocoavicuoar pathology

Hawkins and Kennedy

Answer 3

Standing or sitting

Therapist places models arm 90° of shoulder and elbow flexion

Passively internally rotated

POSITIVE TEST = pain general senstaivity of the structures in subacromial space compression

Question 4

*Scarf test

Answer 4

Standing or sitting

Ask model to reach horizontally across their body towards their opposite shoulde

Apply over pressure

POSITIVE TEST = pain in the acromiocoavicular joint AC joint problems

Question 5

Rotator cuff

Answer 5

Partial or complete rupture of the rotator cuff tendons

Cluster tests = increase diagnostic value

Compare unaffected to affected

Question 6

Sulcus test rotator cuff integrity

Answer 6

Sitting

Elbow flexed 90°

Shoulder muscle relaxed

Fingers palpating subacromial space
Other hand above elbow applying a traction force

Palpate space

POSITIVE TEST = Inferior translation 2cm. Lesion of rotator cuff muscles or injury to superior ligament complex

Question 7

*External lag rotation

Answer 7

Sitting

Elbow passively flexed 90° and shoulder abducted to 20° in the plane of scapula and held 5° of maximal external rotation avoids elastic recoil of joint capsule

Maintain that positive therapist releases wrist

POSITIVE TEST = inability to maintain position suggests tare in rotator cuff infraspinaus

Question 8

*Infraspinatus muscle test

Answer 8

Standing or sitting

Elbows are flexed to 90° shoulders in neutral rotation

Push in on forearms like the bubble

Model resists this

POSITIVE TEST = pain

Question 9

*Bear hug

Answer 9

Sitting

Model presses their hand onto their opposite shoulder

Elbow pointing out

Try lift their hand off the shoulder by lifting the wrist while supporting elbow

POSITIVE TEST = model unable to maintain position

Question 10

*Hawkins Kennedy test

Answer 10

Patient sitting on the edge of the plinth or standing.

The therapist places the model’s shoulder in 90 degrees of flexion with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees. The arm is then passively internally rotated.

Test = positive if the model’s pain is reproduced. Pain indicates general sensitivity of the structures in the subacromial space to compression.