Shoulder

Question 1

Name the joints of the shoulder

Answer 1

Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
Scapulothoracic joint

Question 2

What are the deltoid, rotator cuff, bicep, and tricep responsible for?

Answer 2

Deltoid: abduction
Bicep: elbow flexion
Tricep: elbow extension

Review internal/external rotation

Question 3

Motion of the shoulder.

What is the Bicep Brachii responsible for?

Answer 3

Scapula is used for the overhead motion. (past 90 degrees)– termed scapulohumeral rhythm

Bicep brachii responsible for both elbow and shoulder flexion

Question 4

What causes an AC joint sprain?
What are some signs and symptoms?
What is a step down deformity?
What test is used for this injury?

Answer 4

MOI: direct blow to the shoulder (falling on it)
Pain sleeping at night
A step down deformity is the visible defect caused by a grade 3 sprain
A shear test is used for this injury (positive shear test)

Question 5

Glenohumeral dislocation
Acute v Chronic
SS

Answer 5

Posterior/Anterior/Inferior dislocations

If acute, considered a medical emergency (due to vascular damage).
Chronic happens in tennis swing follow through and in baseball players

SS: tingling, numbness

Question 6

Rotator cuff injury
MOI
What muscles are involved?

Answer 6

Due to repetitive motions.
Common in overhead athletes.
“SITS” muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Question 7

Impingement injury
MOI
Involving what muscles?
Another name for it?

Answer 7

Swollen bursa caused by rotator cuff muscles being compressed
Involving supraspinatus and subcromial bursa
No deformity
Common in swimmers.
AKA “swimmers shoulder”

Question 8

Bicipital Tendinitis

Answer 8

Caused by rapid overhead movement
Involving bicep tendon that rests on the bumps of shoulder (becoming irritated as passing over bumps).
SS: pain over groove, ant shoulder pain, pain with extension

Question 9

Bicep Tendon Rupture

Answer 9

Caused by forceful flexion (weight lifting)

SS: positive “pop-eye”, no flexion, visible deformity

Question 10

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Answer 10

Caused by nerves and vessels being compressed in neck and armpit (4 locations)
SS: tingling, numbness in hand, weak grasp

Question 11

Clavicular Fracture

Most common place?

Answer 11

Caused by FOOSH (falling on outstretched hand)

80% happens in the middle of the clavicle

Question 12

Scapular Fracture

Answer 12

May involve the body or spine of scapula.
PNEUMOTHORAX EMERGENCY: could also fracture ribs and puncture lungs
No visible deformity from thick muscles

Question 13

Humeral Fracture

Answer 13

From FOOSH

SS: deformity, inability to supine (palm up)

Question 14

Labrum Tears

Answer 14

Remember labrum deepens socket
Involving bicep brachii long head
SS: inability to reach behind, clicking, locking

Question 15

Slap Tear

Answer 15

Tear in superior part of labrum
SS: dull throbbing, shoulder depress
Labrum torn all the way through