Shoulder

Question 1

Deltoid

Answer 1

**O: **Anterior- clavicle

 Middle- distal clavical and acromion

 Posterior- scapular spine

I: deltoid tuberosity

A: Anterior- flexion, abduction, horizantal adduction, internal rotation

Middle- abduction

Posterior- extension, abduction, horizontal abduction, external rotation

Question 2

Biceps Brachii

Answer 2

**O: **Corocoid procress, superior glenoid cavity

**I: **radius

**A: **shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, forearm supination

Question 3

Triceps Brachii

Answer 3

**O: **Long head- inferior glenoid rim

Lateral and Medial head- humeral shaft

**I: **Olecranon procress

A: Extension of the glenohumeral joint, elbow extension

Question 4

Latissmus Dorsi

Answer 4

**O: **Lower thoracic and lumbar spinous process

**I: **anterior humerus

A: Extension, Adduction, Internal Rotation

Question 5

Teres Major

Answer 5

O: Inferior angle of scapula

**I: **Anterior humeral shaft

A: extension, adduction, interal rotation

Question 6

Pectoralis Major

Answer 6

**O: **Sternum, clavicle

**I: **Lesser tubercle of humerus

**A: **Adduction, flexion, internal rotation, horizantal adduction

Question 7

Pectoralis Minor

Answer 7

**O: **Ribs 3-5

**I: **Cornoid process

A: Scapular depression and protraction

Question 8

Supraspinatus

Answer 8

**O: **suprascapular fossa

**I: **greater tubrcle of humerus

**A: **abduction, stabilizes humeral head in glenoid fossa

Question 9

Infraspinatus

Answer 9

**O: **infraspinous fossa

**I: **greater tubercle of humerus

A: external rotation, stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity

Question 10

Teres Minor

Answer 10

O: Lateral border of scapula

**I: **greater tubercle of humerus

A: external rotation, stablizes humeral head in glenoid cavity

Question 11

Subscapularis

Answer 11

**O: **Subscapular fossa

**I: ** Lesser tubercle of humerus

**A: **internal rotation, stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity

Question 12

Coracobrachialis

Answer 12

**O: **coracoid process

**I: **humeral shaft

A: flexion

Question 13

Serratus Anterior

Answer 13

**O: **Ribs 1-9

**I: ** Medial Border of scapular

A: protraction of scapular

Question 14

Levator Scapulae

Answer 14

**O: **C3-C4 transverse processes

**I: **superior angle of scapula

**A: **scapular elevation

Question 15

Rhomboids

Answer 15

**O: **Spinous Processes of C7-T4

**I: **Medial Border of the scapula

**A: **scapular retraction

Question 16

Clavicle

Answer 16

aka ‘collar bone,’ it’s S-shaped, like a crank

tubular at sternal end, flatter at acromial end

medial (sternal) end articulates with the sternum (duh) while the lateral (acromial) end articulates with the acromion process (also duh)

Question 17

Scapula

Answer 17

Flat (sort of) triangular bone positioned between T2 and T7

provides origin for glenohumeral muscles and stable base from which the glenohumeral joint operates

Landmarks: spine, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, acromion process, body, medial/lateral/superior borders, superior and inferior angles, coracoid process, subscapular fossa, and glenoid cavity

works in concert with clavicle to enhance total shoulder ROM

Question 18

Humerus

Answer 18

Long, slender bone

Convex head is about 1/2 a sphere that articulates with the glenoid surface of the scapula

faces medially, superiorly and posteriorly

frontaly plane angle of inclination = 135˚, retroverted 30˚ in transverse plane

Landmarks: Anatomical Neck, surgical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, bicipital groove, shaft, deltoid tuberosty

Question 19

The shoulder complex is composed of which joints?

Answer 19

3 True joints: sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and glenohumeral

1 Funtional joint: Scapulothoracic

Question 20

What movements occur at the shoulder girdle?

Answer 20

Elevation and depression

Protraction and retraction

Upward and downward rotation

Scapular tilting: Anterior-Posterior and Medial-lateral

Question 21

Sternoclavicular Joint

Answer 21

only “true” attachment of UE to axial skeleton

is a *synovial *saddle joint with 3˚ of freedom: primary elevation/depression, then protractio/retraction, and rotation (only posterior)

the sternal end of clavical meets the clavicular notch of the sternim: helps absorb forces transferred along the clavicle

Strong joint capsule with 3 ligaments: Costoclavicular, Interclavicular, and Anterior Sternoclavicular

Question 22

Acromioclavicular Joint

Answer 22

Connects clavical to scapula

plane synovial joint (may or may not have a disc)

MOI: FOOSH (falling on out-stretched hand)

ligaments include (but are not limited to) the Coracoclavicular and the Acriomioclavicular

Motions: scapular rotation, scapula winging, tilting of scapula –often subject to dislocation (aka separation)

Question 23

Scapulothoracic Joint

Answer 23

a Functional joint where the scapula joins the thorax, resting over ribs 2-7

NO ligaments- the primary force holding the scapula and thorax together is atmospheric pressure, supported by the AcromioClavicular and Scapuloclavicular joints

Motions: elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, upward/downward rotation

Abnormal motion: scapular winging, scapular tipping

Funtion: maintin length-tension relationship of RTC/deltoid, position glenoid to recieve humeral head, absorb shock, permit elevation of body, and enhance shoulder ROM

Question 24

Glenohumeral Joint

Answer 24

synovial Ball and Socket joint: 3˚ of freedom: inherently unstable

humeral head is more than 2x’s size of glenoid, glenoid labrum deepens the socket and prevents humerus from sliding out

coracoacromial arch form the ‘roof’ of the glenohumeral joint, supported by the coracoacromial ligament

the glenohumeral capsule is slack, allowing lots of humeral movement and little limitation w/o the ligaments/muscles

Question 25

Scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 25

180˚ of abduction available, 120˚ from the glenohumeral joint (setting phase) , 60˚ from the scapula