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Chapter 2 Cardiovascular > Shortcuts Notes > Flashcards

Shortcuts Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Arrythmia

A

abnormal rate and rhythm

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2
Q

What do you give in new onset AF

A

Give IV heparin, assess and give a DOAC first line. Second line is warfarin

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3
Q

What’s the pneumonic for Af treatment rate control

A

DiVeD beta-

Diltiazem
Verapamil
Digoxin
Beta blockers

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4
Q

which two rhythm control medications need to be avoided in heart disease

A

Flecanide and propafenone

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5
Q

Which medication is first line for both rate and rhythm control

A

Beta Blockers (not sotalol)

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6
Q

Why dont we give sotalol in AF

A

Causes QT prolongation

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7
Q

How to treat Torsade de points

A

IV magnesium sulphate

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8
Q

Pneumonic for medication that increase QT prolongation

A

ABCDDE

Antiarrythmias
Antibiotics
Antipsychotics
Antidepressants 
Diuretics
Antiemetics
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9
Q

What is the dose for Amiodarone

A

200mg tds for 1 week then
200mg bd for 1 week then
200mg od

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10
Q

Pneumonic to remember amiodarone side effects

A

“Amiodarone is a female dog”

P- photosensitivity
B- bradycardia
I- interstitial lung disease
T- thyroid (hyper/ hypo)
C- corneal deposits
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11
Q

Interaction with Amiodarone

A

Stain
Lithium
Long half life
Qt prolongation

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12
Q

Digoxin dose for AF and for HF

A

For AF 125-250mcg

For HF 62.5 - 125mcg

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13
Q

Which electrolyte causes digoxin toxicity

A

Hypokalaemia

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14
Q

Referral for digoxin

A

Yellow vision

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15
Q

Digoxin interaction pneumonic

A

Crased

C- CCB
R- Rifampicin
A - Amiodarone
S- St. John’s wart
E- Erythromycin
D- diuretics
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16
Q

Prophylaxis treatment of DVT

A

LMWH, stocking

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17
Q

Which medication reverses the effects of heparin

A

Protamine (only partially reverses LMHW)

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18
Q

What are the three types of stroke

A
  1. Haemorrhagic
  2. Ischaemic
  3. Transient ischaemic stroke
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19
Q

Signs of a stroke

A

pneumonic is FAST

F -Face drop
A- Arm weakness
S- Speech slurred
T- Time to dial 999

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20
Q

Initial management of Transient ischaemic stroke

A

Aspirin 300mg stat / clopidogrel 5mg OD

21
Q

Initial management of an ischaemic stroke

A

Alteplase (within 4.5 hours and exclude intracranial haemorrhage)/ Aspirin / clopidogrel

22
Q

Long term management of stroke pneumonic

A

CLAAS

C- clopidogrel
L- lifestyle
A- Anticoagulant ( only in AF, Thrombosis or DVT)
A- Antihypertensives
S- Statin
23
Q

What to do if there is intracranial haemorrhage

A

Surgery - avoid all meds

24
Q

What to look out for in pts taking warfarin with renal disease

A

Calciphylaxis

A painful rash in pts taking a warfarin with renal disease

25
Avoid Warfarin with which otc medication
Miconazole - it causes bleeding - stop and seek medical advice if unexplained bleeding, bruising, nose bleeds, blood in urine
26
What lifestyle things to avoid in pts taking warfarin
- Cranberry juice - Pomegranate juice - Diet changes, especially with big leafy greens - Alcohol
27
Advice for warfarin in pregnancy
Avoid It is teratogenic especially in first and three trimester
28
INR targets fer warfarin
For those with recurrent DVT or PE and a mechanical prosthetic heart, the target is 3.5 +- 0.5 Everyone else it is 2.5 +- 0.5
29
DOACS parameters that require a dose reduction pneumonic
ABCD A- age (>80 years) B- body weight (<60kg) C- creatinine clearance (dont give if less than 15) D- Drugs (verapamil, Amiodarone, erythromycin)
30
Dosage instructions for DOACS
Pneumonic is READ Rivaroxaban - Once daily Edoxaban - once daily Apixaban- twice daily Dabigatran - twice daily
31
What is the dosage for VTE prophylaxis and stroke for rivaroxaban and apixaban
VTE prophylaxis is usually half of stroke VTE for rivaroxaban - 10mg OD and stroke is 20mg OD VTE for rivaroxaban - 2.5mg BD and stroke is 5mg BD
32
What is the antidote for DOACS
Rivaroxaban and apixaban is - andexonet alfa (ondexya) For dabigatran is idarucizumab Edoxaban does not have a antidote
33
Should statins be taken in pregnancy
No. Stop 3 months before trying for pregnancy
34
What should be monitored with statins
Monitor creatinine kinase and LFTS 3 and 12 months
35
Which medication interacts with simvastatin
Clarithromycin and erythromycin
36
Medication to treat HF pneumonic
BANDAIDS ``` B- Beta blocker 1st line A- Acei /Arb. 1st line N- Nitrate / hydralazine D - Diuretics. Spironolactone 2nd line A- Amiodarone I- ivabradine D- Digoxine S- Scabutril Valsartan ```
37
Initial management of ACS
1. GTN SPRAY 2. ASPIRIN 300MG ASAP 3. Oxygen if needed 4. Insulin if needed
38
With stable angina, how do you treat an acute attack and long term relief
Acute attack treated with sublingual GTN Long term treatment is 1st line BB 2nd line is CCB 3rd line is combination
39
Initial management of STEMI and NSTEMI
1st line is Aspirin 300mg and clopidogrel 2nd line is heparin/ anti thrombin 3rd line is antithrombin/ heparin
40
Secondary prevention of STEMI/NSTEMI
1st line - Ace/ Arb + BB + Aspirin + Clopidogrel + statin
41
Why give second dose of isosorbide dinitrate 6-8 hours instead of 12
To have a nitrate free period and prevent tolerance
42
GTN tablets should be kept in what
Glass containers of not more than 100 tablets Closed with a foil line cap No cotton wool wadding Discard after 8 weeks
43
What are the different stages in hypertension. Which stages do you need clinical and ambulatory pressure. Which stage do you start drug treatment
Stage 1: clinic BP is 140/90-160/100 Stage 2: clinic BP is 160/100-180/120 Stage 3 : clinic BP is >180/120 Need clinical and ambulatory BP in Stage 1 or 2 Start drug treatment stage 2 onwards
44
Pneumonic to remember which medication used in hypertension
ACDDB ``` Acei/arb CCB Diuretic (thiazide like e.g. indapamide) Diuretic (low dose spironolactone) BB ```
45
Treatment for hypertension in pregnancy
1. Labetalol 2. Nifedipine MR 3. Methyldopa
46
Which beta blockers cause coldness in extremities pneumonic
ICE PACO Perindopril Acebutol Celiprolol Oxprenolol
47
Which BB cause less sleep disturbances pneumonic
``` Water CANS Celiprolol Atenolol Nadalol Sotalol ```
48
Which BB are cardioselective pneumonic
Be A MAN ``` Bisoprolol Atenolol Metoprolol Acebutol Nebivolol ```
49
Which BB are taken once daily
``` BACN Bisoprolol Atenolol Celiprolol Nadolol ```

Chapter 2 Cardiovascular (2 decks)

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