Short Term Control of Blood Pressure Flashcards
Why is it important we maintain MAP?
Its the main driving force behind circulation, too high or low and we get ill
What happens when MAP is too high?
Hypertension.
OVertime it damages capillary beds leading to stroke, heart attack etc.
What happens when MAP is too low?
Hypotension Syncope occurs (Fainting)
How are MAP, Cardiac output and total peripheral resistance related?
MAP = CO x TPR
What are baroreceptors and what do they respond to?
Stretch receptors in the walls of arteries that fire more when the arteries stretch under high pressure
Where are the main baroreceptors found?
aortic arch & carotid sinus
Where is the carotid sinus?
Where the internal & external carotid arteries split.
How does the AP firing rate of baroreceptors change through the caridac cycle?
Its highest during systole and lowest during dystole
Whats another name for cardiopulmonary baroreceptors?
Low pressure baroreceptors
What happens to the baroreceptors firing rate during hyper/hypotension?
Increases in hypertension
Decreases in hypotension
How are baroreceptor signals from the carotid sinus transferred tot he medullary CV centres?
Carotid Sinus -> Glossopharyngeal Nerve -> Medullary CV centres
How are baroreceptor signals from the aortic arch transferred to the medullary CV centres?
Aortic Arch -> Vagus Nerve -> Medullary CV Centres
What mechanisms reduce blood pressure in the baroreceptor reflex?
Decreased Symp. Tone reduces: Veno/arteriolar constriction Adrenaline production in adrenal medulla Contractility HR
Increased Vagal Tone lowers HR
What mechanisms increase blood pressure in the baroreceptor reflex?
Decreased Vagal Tone increases HR
Increased Symp. Tone increases:
- Adrenaline production in adrenal medulla
- Veno & arteriolar constriction (increased venomotor tone)
- Contractility
- HR
What carries signals durin the baroreceptor reflex from the medullary CV centres to the Sinoatrial Node?
(when reducing and increasing HR)
Vagus (parasympathetic fibres)
Sympathetic Nerves