Short Stories Unit Test Flashcards
5 Stages of Effective Readers
- make predictions
- make connections
- ask questions
- visualize
- know your purpose
Characterization
The way in which an author reveals the evolution, change and development of a character in a story.
Foreshadowing
Hints/clues given by the author about what may happen later in the story.
Flashback
Occurs when the author goes back to events of the past, to help the reader understand the present.
Pathos
When the author stimulates pity or sympathy in the reader for a character.
Suspense
The feeling and/or condition of uncertainty about the outcome of a conflict.
Symbol
A concrete object representing an abstract idea.
Setting
The time, place, and atmosphere in which a story occurs
- includes sensory details (words that appeal to senses)
- includes figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification)
Characters
the people in the story
Protagonist
character around whom the story is written (hero)
Antagonist
Character who stands in the way of the protagonist (villain)
Types of Characterization
we get to know the character through:
- physical description
- speech and actions of the character
- direct comments from the narrator
- speech and actions of other characters
Plot
The event/actions in a story
Conflict
the struggle between two opposing forces
Types of Conflict
man vs man
man vs himself
man vs nature
Man Vs. Man
an external struggle between two or more individuals
Man Vs. Himself
an internal struggle concerning emotion and decision
Man Vs. Nature
an external struggle between man and an element of nature
Elements of Plot
introduction rising action climax falling action resolution/conclusion
Introduction
gives any necessary information and introduces the main characters; usually provides the setting in time and place and can suggest theme
Rising Action
the major portion of the plot
the events in the rising action lead to a series of crises where the hero must make a decision
Climax
the turning point of a story; the emotional high point
Falling Action
the events that lead to resolution
Resolution/Conclusion
the outcome of the conflict
Theme
the main idea or message of a story
Point of View
how the story gets told; every story has someone telling it
Simile
a figure of speech that compares two dissimilar things by using “like” or “as”
“her feet were as cold as ice”
Metaphor
A figure of speech that compares two unlike things describing one as if it were the other
-do not use like or as
“my brothers room is a pigpen”
Personification
a figure of speech in which human abilities are given to a non-human object
“the feathers tickled my face”
Verb
-action or state
-to, be, have,do, like, sing, can, must
“Reading is fun. I LIKE reading”
Noun
- person, place, or thing.
- pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher..
Adjective
-describes a noun
-some, good, interesting, good, red, well…
“my dog is BIG, i like BIG dogs.”
Adverb
-describes a verb, adjective, or adverb
-quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really…
“my dog eats QUICKLY when he is VERY hungry”
Pronoun
-replaces a noun
-you, I, she, he, them, they, her,him, them….
“Tara is from india, SHE is very beautiful”
Conjunction
-Joins clauses or sentences or words
-and, but, when
“I like dogs AND cats. I like cats AND dogs. I like dogs BUT I don’t like cats”
Interjection
-short exclamation, sometimes inserted into a sentence.
“Ouch! Hi! Well, Oh!”
Comma Splice Errors
occur when two closely related but independent sentences are joined by a comma
Comma splice error ex:
the house stood empty for months, no one would by it.
can be fixed with a compound sentence, semicolon, or period
FIXED C.S:
the house stood empty for months. No one would buy it
Correct This Comma Splice Error:
The patient was sent home, nothing more could be done
The patient was sent home. Nothing more could be done.
The patient was sent home; nothing more could be done.
The patient was sent home, but nothing more can be done.
Correct This Comma Splice Error:
The convention ended on Saturday, we can return to work Friday.
The convention ended on Saturday. We can return to work Friday.
The convention ended on Saturday; we can return to work Friday.
The convention ended on Saturday, but we can return to work Friday.
Sentence Fragments
is a phrase or clause that might look like a sentence, but does not express a complete thought.
-missing a verb or subject of the sentence
S.F Ex:
Just before eating.
Correction S.F:
Just before eating, he phones his girlfriend
Correct This Sentence Fragment:
“stop”
You should stop running in the halls
Correct This Sentence Fragment:
“Clyde refused”
Clyde refused to believe he was wrong
Correct This Sentence Fragment:
To be a member of the Royal Ontario Museum expedition to Costa Rica
You have to have your vaccine to be a member of the R.O.M expedition to Costa Rica
Run-on Sentences
has two or more complete thoughts/independent clauses which run together without proper punctuation
can be corrected by by making one large sentence into smaller sentences or rewrite the sentences using proper punctuation
Example of run-on:
we only have a day until the big dance I dont have my dress dry-cleaned yet and that will take at least a day
Correction:
we only have one day till the big dance. I don’t have my dress dry-cleaned yet. That will at least take a day.
Correct This Run-On Sentence:
“Justine plays hockey she plays for a team that tours Canada”
Justine plays hockey, she plays for a team that tours Canada.
Justine plays hockey. She plays for a team that tours Canada.
Correct This Run-On Sentence:
“City costs are too expensive for most people the cost is discouraging.”
City costs are too expensive, for most people the cost is discouraging.
City costs are too expensive. For most people the cost is discouraging.
