Short ID Terms (Scranton Test)

Question 1

Rape of Nanjing

according to history.com

Answer 1

• Japanese Army brutally murdered thousands of soldiers and civilians in Nanjing.
• Also known as Nanjing Massacre
• 20,000 and 80,000 women were sexually assaulted.

Question 2

Weimar Republic

Answer 2

• democratic government
• Germany had several major political parties and many minor ones and it caused Weimar Republic to lack power.
• led Germany people to choose Adolf Hitler and Nazi party as government.

Question 3

November Criminals

Answer 3

• Myth that German army did not lose but were rather betrayed by unpatriotic populace.
• Jews were thought of as unpatriotic backstabbers that caused the loss of the war for Germany.

Question 4

Munich Peace Conference Appeasement

Answer 4

• The agreement permitting Germany’s annexation of the Sudetenland was signed on Sept 29, 1938.
• allowed Hitler to annex part of Czechoslovakia to Germany

Question 5

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Answer 5

• non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union.
• Britain and France had been trying to arrange a pact with the Soviet Union but were unsuccessful.
• With the Soviet Union now neutral, Britain and France were out of possible powerful European allies.

Question 6

Blitzkrieg

Answer 6

• German term meaning “lightning war”, used to describe Germany’s novel military tactics in World War II
• Involved the rapid movement of infantry, tanks, and air-power over large areas.

Question 7

Battle of Britain

Answer 7

• three month air battle between Germany and Great Britain fought over Britain during World War 2.
• Britain’s victory led to the German invasion.

Question 8

Internment of Japanese-Americans

Answer 8

• putting a person in prison or other kind of detention, generally in wartime.
• WW2 the American government put Japanese-Americans in internment camps, fearing they might be loyal to Japan.

Question 9

Manzanar

Answer 9

Japanese internment camps in California

Question 10

Potsdam Conference

Answer 10

• The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union
• Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War.

Question 11

The Dropping of the Atomic Bomb

Answer 11

• President Harry S. Truman, warned by some of his advisers that any attempt to invade Japan would result in horrific American casualties, ordered that the new weapon be used to bring the war to a speedy end.
• the American bomber Enola Gay dropped a five-ton bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima.

Question 12

Hiroshima

Answer 12

• The first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima

- 100,00 people died within seconds and thousands for within the next five days.

Question 13

Nagasaki

Answer 13

-second military use of the atomic bomb

Question 14

LittleBoy

Answer 14

-the bomb dropped on Hiroshima

Question 15

Fat Man

Answer 15

• bomb dropped on nagasaki.

- More powerful than little boy, but less immediate casualties to civilians due to the terrain of Nagasaki.

Question 16

George Kennan

Answer 16

• authored the “containment doctrine”
• arguing that the Soviet Union was inherently expansionist and had to be stopped, via political and military force, from spreading throughoug the world

Question 17

Containment

Answer 17

-arguing that the Soviet Union was inherently expansionist and had to be stopped, via political and military force, from spreading throughoug the world

Question 18

Marshall Plan

Answer 18

-massive transfer of aid money to help rebuild postwar Western Europe,

Question 19

Truman Doctrine

Answer 19

-President Truman’s universal pledge of support for any people fighting any communist or communist-inspired threat

Question 20

NSC-68

Answer 20

National Security Council recommendation to quadruple defense spending and rapidly expand peace-time armed forces to address Cold War tensions

Question 21

The New Look

Answer 21

Eisenhower FP that emphasized reliance on strategic nuclear weapons to deter potential threats, both conventional and nuclear

Question 22

Flexible Response

Answer 22

was a defense strategy implemented by JFK in 1961 to address the Kennedy administration’s skepticism of Dwight Eisenhower’s New Look and its policy

Question 23

Berlin Wall

Answer 23

• built to divide communist East Germany from democratic West Germany and to keep East Germans from escaping to West Germany.
• After World War II, defeated Germany was divided into four zones, each occupied by Allied forces: the United States, France, Great Britain and the Soviet Union.

Question 24

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 24

A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the “hottest” periods of the cold war.

Question 25

March on Washington DC (1941)

Answer 25

• protest segregation in the armed forces.

- The hypocrisy behind calls to “defending democracy” from Hitler

Question 26

A. Philip Randolph

Answer 26

-labor and civil rights leader in the 1940s who led the brotherhood of sleeping car porters

Question 27

Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC)

Answer 27

• banned “discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin.”
• was established to help enforce the order.

Question 28

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Answer 28

African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement.

Question 29

National Assoc for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Answer 29

ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate race-based discrimination.

Question 30

Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

Answer 30

It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of “separate but equal”.

Question 31

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Answer 31

Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

Question 32

Murder of Emmett Till (1955)

Answer 32

14-year-old Emmett Till reportedly flirted with a white cashier in Money, Mississippi. Four days later, two white men tortured and murdered Till. His murder galvanized the emerging Civil Rights Movement.

Question 33

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 33

seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.

Question 34

Rosa Parks

Answer 34

refused to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger, spurring the Montgomery boycott and other efforts to end segregation

Question 35

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 35

landmark piece of civil rights and US labor law legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Question 36

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 36

aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment