Short Answers Flashcards
- Name the organs of the urinary system.
- Describe the general function of each organ.
Organs: Kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra.
Functions:
-Kidneys: remove waste from the blood in the form of urine. Keep a balance of salts/other substances in the blood. Releases erythropoietin a hormone to helps in the formation of RBC.
- Ureter: Carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
- Bladder: Stores urine.
- Urethra: Allows urine to pass outside the body.
Describe the location of the kidneys in the body.
Located on either side of the body underneath the diaphragm near the lower back.
Name the structural & functional unit of the kidney.
Nephron.
Regulates the levels of electrolytes & controls the blood pH.
What is the function of the glomerulus?
What 2 functions do the renal tubules perform?
-The glomerulus brings blood/waste products to the nephron.
- Two functions are:
1. Reabsorption: Reabsorbs the fluid through the tubular system of the nephron.
2. Secretion: Tubular secretion.
Explain the difference between filtrate and urine?
Filtrate: contains everything that blood plasma does except blood protein.
but
by the time filtrate has moved into the collecting ducts it has lost most of its water, nutrients and essential ions. When it exits the collecting ducts into the calyces its called urine.
How does aldosterone modify the chemical composition of urine?
Increases absorption of sodium and excretion of potassium in the collecting ducts. Therefore urine will have fewer sodium and more potassium.
What hormones name means “against urine flow”?
What condition happens if it is not secreted?
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- Diabetes Insipidus= When not enough ADH is not secreted the body excretes to much water.
- Name three substances normally found in blood that are not normally found in urine.
- Name the condition when each named substances is found in urine.
- Leukoctyes
- Erythrocytes
- Glucose
WBC - Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
RBC - Hematuria
Glucose - Glycosuria
Why is a urinalysis a routine part of any good physical exam?
Because with certain pathological conditions urine composition often changes dramatically.
How do the internal/external urethral sphincters differ structurally and functionally?
-The internal is involuntary
The internal is a smooth muscle sphincter controlled by the ANS that keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed.
-The external is voluntary
The external is fashioned by skeletal muscle surrounds the urethra as it passes through the urogenital diaphragm.
- Define micturition.
- Describe the micturition reflex.
- The discharge of urine from the bladder.
- Is activated when distension of the bladder wall activates stretch receptors.
What sometimes happens when urine becomes too concentrated or remains too long in the bladder?
- Too concentrated solid crystals (stones) may form in the urinary system.
- Remains too long in bladder a bladder infection may occur leading to kidney damage, illness or autonomic dysreflexia.
Define incontinence.
Lack of voluntary control over urination or defection.
Why is cystitis more common in females?
Because females have shorter urethra, cutting down the distance bacteria travels to reach the bladder. Also because the urethra is closer to the anus where bacteria from your bowel can collect.
Why is cystitis more common in females?
Because females have shorter urethra, cutting down the distance bacteria travels to reach the bladder. Also because the urethra is closer to the anus where bacteria from your bowel can collect.
What type of problem most commonly affects the urinary system organs?
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Kidney stones
