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Human Bio Unit 1 Exam > Short Answers > Flashcards

Short Answers Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why is it relevant to add a placebo operations in a data?

A

In order to eliminate any placebo effect or psychological bias and to have a clear comparison between different operations.

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2
Q

State wether the result of the study is applicable for everyone with knee pain.

A

No! It is not applicable to everyone due to the recorded data that the majority that was tested were males, and is only tested on one type of knee pains.

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3
Q

Causes of joint pain that people with osteoarthritis suffers from?

A

• the degradation of the cartilage
• the growth of bony spurs that affects the spaces of the joint to reduce in the cavity

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4
Q

What differs from osteoporosis from osteoarthritis?

A

• is the loss of density in the bone; compared to lost of cartilage
• no bony spurs produced
• in crease chances of fractures, which is not an affect on osteoarthritis

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5
Q

Function of nucleus

A

Controls the synthesis of proteins

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6
Q

Functions of ribosomes

A

Location of synthesis of proteins

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7
Q

Functions of Golgi body

A

Modifies proteins and packages proteins for use

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8
Q

What is in the fluid mosaic?

A

• phospholipids
• cell identity marker - cholesterol
• channel protein
• carrier protein

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9
Q

Process of making ATP

A

• glycolysis - 2 ATP
• kerbs - 2 ATP
• electron transport chain - 34 ATP

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10
Q

What are reason why muscles are greatly affected by a mitochondrial disease?

A

The muscles are a site where a lot of mitochondria is for the reason that muscles needs a lot of energy.

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11
Q

How can ineffective mitochondria affect general function of the body?

A

• the body fatigue
• organelles will not carry out general function
• unable to carryout function optimally
• decrease in the function of the cell result to apoptosis

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12
Q

How enzyme reaction would differ in presence of inhibitors?

A

Is a catalyst that is similar to the active site of enzymes that contributes to stopping the enzymes to react and to create a complex.

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13
Q

Substrate concentration

A

Up and flat

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14
Q

Temperature

A

Trends up and drop

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15
Q

pH

A

n

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16
Q

Enzyme concentration

A

Linear

17
Q

Identify the cell that produces pepsin and how it becomes a active enzymes.

A

The presence of hydrochloric acid in the stomach causes a low pH level environment allowing pepsin produced by the gastric to become an active enzyme.

18
Q

What is the stomach third muscle layer?

A

The oblique muscle
Found in the stomach to allow peristalsis, contraction and churning of food in the digestive system.

19
Q

Why are peptic ulcers usually found in the duodenum?

A

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestines making it open for damage by enzymes.

20
Q

Define diarrhoea

A

Frequent defecation of watery faeces that is caused by the irritation of the intestines which increases the the movement in the stomach, making speed fast through intestines and lead to lack of absorption of water.

21
Q

Process of taking in cholesterol into a cell.

A

A cell membrane engulfs the cholesterol by a vesicle, this vesicle then detaches from the cell membrane and is the suspended in the cytoplasm.

22
Q

Is the uptake of cholesterol considered a passive or active process?

A

Active because it requires ATP/energy to create a vesicle.

23
Q

What substance is stored in the liver and where is it produced?

A

Bile is produced by the gallbladder and is stored in the live.

24
Q

How does the blockage in the opening of the small intestine effect the digestive function?

A

When the duct is blocked it becomes difficult for food, and minerals to pass through the intestines, causing it to have a lack absorption of beneficial nutrients also results to the decrease of breakdown of lipids.

25
Q

Lungs

A

• trachea
• bronchioles
• bronchus
• diaphragm

26
Q

How does the diaphragm involved in inspiration?

A

When the diaphragm it allows the air pressure in the lungs to decrease allowing the high pressure air to go in and make the lung volume increase.

27
Q

What is the structure of the cartilage that gives bronchi strength.

A

???

28
Q

Gas exchange

A

Yk this

29
Q

Why is blood a connective tissue

A

Yk this

30
Q

Molecule in RBCs and Plasma

A

• antigens are on the surface
• RH within the plasma
• when blood is opposing the antibody the patients blood agglutinate

31
Q

How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

A

Yk this

32
Q

What happens to urea when individual eats high proteins?

A

Urea increase due to the breakdown proteins.

33
Q

Water soluble

A

Simple diffusion

34
Q

Uptake of amino acid

A

Active transport

35
Q

Water movement

A

Osmosis

36
Q

How fats is absorbed in the villi small intestine?

A

Fat breakdown into glycerol acid and simple diffusion into cells of the villi and enters the lacteals

37
Q

How sarcomeres shorten through the A band?

A

Thin and thick filaments slides over each other.

38
Q

Describe structure cardiac muscles

A

Branched, striated, not multinucleated

39
Q

Erythrocytes structure suits its function?

A

Yk this

Human Bio Unit 1 Exam (2 decks)

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